本文選題：藥品強(qiáng)制許可 + 藥品專利保護(hù)　； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：為消除藥品專利對(duì)WTO各成員尤其是發(fā)展中的成員在應(yīng)對(duì)公共健康危機(jī)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重阻礙，TRIPS理事會(huì)于2001年6月首度在公共健康框架下討論知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)議題。盡管TRIPS協(xié)定議定書(shū)目前尚未生效，但解決發(fā)展中國(guó)家與最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家公共健康問(wèn)題在事實(shí)上和法律上已無(wú)障礙。不過(guò)，到目前為止，卻鮮有國(guó)家實(shí)際予以適用，其深層次的原因早已超出知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)或相關(guān)法律的范疇，更多的是有關(guān)國(guó)家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等多方面的因素。解決藥品可及性這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵就在于如何有效的降低藥品的價(jià)格和增加藥品的供給。雖然解決公共健康危機(jī)有多種途徑，如強(qiáng)制許可、平行進(jìn)口、差別定價(jià)等，，但我們可以看到在現(xiàn)實(shí)中這些途徑都未能有效的解決發(fā)展中國(guó)家和最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家藥品可及性問(wèn)題。涉及到我國(guó)的公共健康與藥品可及性的問(wèn)題，需要注意的是我國(guó)制藥企業(yè)雖然具有較強(qiáng)的仿制能力，在應(yīng)對(duì)公共健康危機(jī)時(shí)具有較強(qiáng)的應(yīng)變能力，但創(chuàng)新能力依然不足，這極大地制約了我國(guó)藥品可及性的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，同時(shí)還制約了我國(guó)依照TRIPS議定書(shū)的規(guī)定向國(guó)外出口強(qiáng)制許可藥品的能力。因此，我國(guó)制藥企業(yè)要及早的走上自主創(chuàng)新的道路。
[Abstract]:In order to eliminate the serious hindrance caused by pharmaceutical patents to WTO members, especially developing members, to deal with the public health crisis, trips Council discussed intellectual property issues for the first time under the framework of public health in June 2001. Although the trips Protocol has not yet entered into force, it is de facto and de jure accessible to address the public health problems of developing and least developed countries. However, up to now, few countries have actually applied it, and its deep reasons have already gone beyond the scope of intellectual property or related laws, and more are the political, economic, cultural and other factors of the countries concerned. The key to solve the problem of drug availability lies in how to reduce the price of drugs and increase the supply of drugs. Although there are many ways to solve the public health crisis, such as compulsory licensing, parallel import, differential pricing and so on, we can see that these approaches can not effectively solve the problem of drug accessibility in developing and least developed countries. Concerning the problems of public health and drug accessibility in our country, we should pay attention to the fact that although pharmaceutical enterprises in our country have strong imitation ability and strong ability to respond to public health crisis, their innovation ability is still insufficient. This greatly restricts the long-term development of drug accessibility in China, and also restricts our ability to export compulsory licensed drugs to foreign countries in accordance with trips Protocol. Therefore, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should take the road of independent innovation as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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