本文關鍵詞： 國際環(huán)境責任 環(huán)境責任社會化 國家責任　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在全球化迅猛發(fā)展的今天,隨著國際運輸和現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)的提升,國際環(huán)境污染也日益嚴峻,除環(huán)境事故本身往往影響廣泛,賠償數(shù)額巨大外,與國內(nèi)環(huán)境污染最大的區(qū)別就是跨國環(huán)境責任追究困難重重,這也直接制約了當前的國際經(jīng)濟交流。不同國家由于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平不同,對環(huán)保的要求也存在差異。更導致了某些環(huán)境訴求得不到合理支持。在當前國際環(huán)境責任顯現(xiàn)出日益嚴重的趨勢下,個人主體早已不能完全承擔起國際環(huán)境責任的賠償,而國際環(huán)境責任社會化也出現(xiàn)了覆蓋不足的現(xiàn)象。因此,國際環(huán)境責任研究具有較強的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 本論文通過分析當前國際環(huán)境責任的承擔方式以及私法化發(fā)展,結合國際環(huán)境侵權狀況及相關理論發(fā)展實際,以解決跨國環(huán)境責任求償?shù)姆N種困境為出發(fā)點,重點研究對受害者權益的補償問題。并根據(jù)國家責任理論,對污染者母國基于其屬地管轄而苛加末位補充責任,進一步落實國際環(huán)境責任求償。本文的主體結構包括四個部分。第一部分是國際環(huán)境責任的概述。第二部分是國際環(huán)境責任的承擔現(xiàn)狀,簡述當前國際實踐中是如何對國際環(huán)境責任進行承擔的。第三部分是國際環(huán)境責任的私法化。對其當前發(fā)展的私法化趨勢進行分析,肯定私法化是環(huán)境責任發(fā)展的必然,但又分析了其存在的一些缺陷。第四部分是構建國際環(huán)境責任體系。通過以上研究,筆者構建了“污染者個體——保險基金——國家”的國際環(huán)境責任承擔體系,旨在解決加害人個體賠償責任能力有限以及環(huán)境責任社會化覆蓋面不足的問題,對向內(nèi)負有管理職責的國家苛求末位責任承擔的順序,以保證國際環(huán)境責任的最終落實。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of globalization, with the promotion of international transportation and modern industry, international environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, except environmental accidents themselves often have a wide impact, and the amount of compensation is huge. The biggest difference with domestic environmental pollution is the difficulties of transnational environmental responsibility investigation, which directly restricts the current international economic exchanges. Different countries have different levels of economic development. There are also differences in the requirements of environmental protection, which leads to the lack of reasonable support for some environmental demands. At present, the international environmental responsibility shows an increasingly serious trend. The individual subject has long been unable to fully shoulder the compensation of international environmental responsibility, and the socialization of international environmental responsibility has also appeared the phenomenon of inadequate coverage. Therefore, the study of international environmental responsibility has strong theoretical and practical significance. This paper through the analysis of the current international environmental responsibility and private law development, combined with the international environmental tort situation and the development of relevant theory and practice, in order to solve the plight of transnational environmental liability claims as the starting point. Focus on the issue of compensation for the rights and interests of victims, and according to the theory of State responsibility, the polluter's home country based on its territorial jurisdiction and add the last supplementary responsibility. The main body structure of this paper includes four parts. The first part is an overview of international environmental responsibility. The second part is the current situation of international environmental responsibility. The third part is the private law of international environmental responsibility. Affirmation of private law is the necessity of the development of environmental responsibility, but also analyzes some of its shortcomings. 4th part is to build an international environmental responsibility system. Through the above research. The author constructs the international environmental liability system of "polluter individual-insurance fund-state" in order to solve the problem of limited liability capacity of individual polluter and inadequate coverage of socialization of environmental liability. To ensure the final implementation of international environmental responsibility by demanding the order of final responsibility for countries with internal management responsibilities.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.9

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