中美破產(chǎn)管理人制度比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-06 07:41
【摘要】：破產(chǎn)管理人是指在破產(chǎn)程序進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中依法負(fù)責(zé)破產(chǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)的收集、保管、變價(jià)、處分、破產(chǎn)方案的擬定及執(zhí)行的機(jī)構(gòu)或個(gè)人。破產(chǎn)管理人制度起源于古羅馬法,后被歐洲商業(yè)國(guó)家逐步發(fā)展與完善。英美法系與大陸法系對(duì)于破產(chǎn)管理人制度從理論到實(shí)踐都有所不同,在破產(chǎn)管理人法律地位的問(wèn)題上,英美法系以信托理論為基礎(chǔ),大陸法系各國(guó)則眾說(shuō)紛紜,莫衷一是,主要有代理說(shuō)、職務(wù)說(shuō)與破產(chǎn)財(cái)團(tuán)代表說(shuō)之爭(zhēng)。 世界各國(guó)對(duì)于破產(chǎn)管理人的選任方式主要有三種：法院選任、債權(quán)人委員會(huì)選任及法院與債權(quán)人會(huì)議選任相結(jié)合。我國(guó)采取的是法院選任的方式,債權(quán)人會(huì)議僅有異議權(quán)；美國(guó)采取的是債權(quán)人選任的方式。中國(guó)對(duì)破產(chǎn)管理人的選任資格更多關(guān)注的是消極資格,而美國(guó)除了規(guī)定消極資格以外,還對(duì)破產(chǎn)管理人的積極資格作出了規(guī)定。 中美對(duì)破產(chǎn)管理人的權(quán)利、義務(wù)與責(zé)任都進(jìn)行了規(guī)定,文章主要通過(guò)對(duì)兩國(guó)破產(chǎn)制度中的調(diào)查收集權(quán)、撤銷(xiāo)權(quán)、終止或確認(rèn)待履行合同權(quán)、勤勉義務(wù)、忠實(shí)義務(wù)、民事責(zé)任、刑事及行政責(zé)任進(jìn)行比較研究,分析優(yōu)劣,為下文中對(duì)我國(guó)破產(chǎn)制度提出改進(jìn)建議奠定基礎(chǔ)。 破產(chǎn)管理人能否受到有效的監(jiān)督,是破產(chǎn)程序是否能夠順利進(jìn)行,破產(chǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利主體的利益能否切實(shí)得到保障的關(guān)鍵。縱觀各國(guó)破產(chǎn)管理人制度,監(jiān)督主體主要有法院、債權(quán)人會(huì)議、債權(quán)人委員會(huì)、專(zhuān)設(shè)的司法行政監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)以及行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。我國(guó)破產(chǎn)管理人監(jiān)督主體目前有法院、債權(quán)人會(huì)議及債權(quán)人委員會(huì),美國(guó)則主要通過(guò)法院與聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)管理人對(duì)私人的破產(chǎn)管理人進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。 通過(guò)對(duì)中美破產(chǎn)管理人相關(guān)制度的比較研究,對(duì)中國(guó)破產(chǎn)管理人制度提出如下完善建議：一是完善破產(chǎn)管理人的主體制度,二是完善破產(chǎn)管理人的權(quán)責(zé)體系,三是完善破產(chǎn)管理人的監(jiān)督機(jī)制,形成多層次的監(jiān)督體系,不斷推進(jìn)破產(chǎn)管理人的職業(yè)化進(jìn)程,保障破產(chǎn)程序的順利進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:The bankruptcy administrator refers to the institution or individual responsible for collection, custody, change of price, disposition, bankruptcy plan and execution of bankruptcy property according to law in the process of bankruptcy proceeding. The bankruptcy administrator system originated from ancient Roman law and was gradually developed and perfected by European commercial countries. The Anglo-American law system and the civil law system are different from each other in theory and practice. On the issue of the legal status of the insolvency administrator, the common law system is based on the trust theory, while the countries in the civil law system have different opinions. The main agency said that the position of the representatives of the bankruptcy consortium said the dispute. There are three ways of selecting insolvency administrator in the world: court selection, creditor committee selection and the combination of court selection and creditors' meeting selection. China adopts the method of court selection, the creditors' meeting has only the right of dissent, and the United States adopts the method of creditor selection. China pays more attention to the negative qualification of the insolvency administrator, and the United States not only prescribes the negative qualification, but also stipulates the active qualification of the insolvency administrator. China and the United States have stipulated the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the insolvency administrator. This article mainly deals with the right to investigate and collect, the right to rescind, the right to terminate or confirm the pending contract, the duty of diligence, the obligation to be faithful, and the civil liability in the bankruptcy system of the two countries. The comparative study of criminal and administrative liability, the analysis of the merits and demerits, will lay a foundation for improving the bankruptcy system of our country. Whether the bankruptcy administrator can be effectively supervised is the key to whether the bankruptcy procedure can be carried out smoothly and whether the interests of the subject of the bankruptcy estate can be protected. Throughout the national bankruptcy administrator system, the main subjects of supervision are court, creditors' meeting, creditor committee, special judicial administrative supervision agency and trade association. At present, there are courts, creditors' meetings and creditor committees in China, and the United States mainly supervises private bankruptcy administrators through courts and federal insolvency representatives. Through a comparative study of the relevant systems of bankruptcy administrators in China and the United States, this paper puts forward the following suggestions for the improvement of the bankruptcy administrator system in China: first, to perfect the subject system of the bankruptcy administrator, and secondly, to perfect the system of power and responsibility of the bankruptcy administrator, Third, it is necessary to perfect the supervision mechanism of the bankruptcy administrator, form a multi-level supervision system, continuously promote the process of professionalization of the bankruptcy administrator, and ensure the smooth progress of the bankruptcy procedure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.291.92;D971.2
本文編號(hào)：2402533
[Abstract]:The bankruptcy administrator refers to the institution or individual responsible for collection, custody, change of price, disposition, bankruptcy plan and execution of bankruptcy property according to law in the process of bankruptcy proceeding. The bankruptcy administrator system originated from ancient Roman law and was gradually developed and perfected by European commercial countries. The Anglo-American law system and the civil law system are different from each other in theory and practice. On the issue of the legal status of the insolvency administrator, the common law system is based on the trust theory, while the countries in the civil law system have different opinions. The main agency said that the position of the representatives of the bankruptcy consortium said the dispute. There are three ways of selecting insolvency administrator in the world: court selection, creditor committee selection and the combination of court selection and creditors' meeting selection. China adopts the method of court selection, the creditors' meeting has only the right of dissent, and the United States adopts the method of creditor selection. China pays more attention to the negative qualification of the insolvency administrator, and the United States not only prescribes the negative qualification, but also stipulates the active qualification of the insolvency administrator. China and the United States have stipulated the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the insolvency administrator. This article mainly deals with the right to investigate and collect, the right to rescind, the right to terminate or confirm the pending contract, the duty of diligence, the obligation to be faithful, and the civil liability in the bankruptcy system of the two countries. The comparative study of criminal and administrative liability, the analysis of the merits and demerits, will lay a foundation for improving the bankruptcy system of our country. Whether the bankruptcy administrator can be effectively supervised is the key to whether the bankruptcy procedure can be carried out smoothly and whether the interests of the subject of the bankruptcy estate can be protected. Throughout the national bankruptcy administrator system, the main subjects of supervision are court, creditors' meeting, creditor committee, special judicial administrative supervision agency and trade association. At present, there are courts, creditors' meetings and creditor committees in China, and the United States mainly supervises private bankruptcy administrators through courts and federal insolvency representatives. Through a comparative study of the relevant systems of bankruptcy administrators in China and the United States, this paper puts forward the following suggestions for the improvement of the bankruptcy administrator system in China: first, to perfect the subject system of the bankruptcy administrator, and secondly, to perfect the system of power and responsibility of the bankruptcy administrator, Third, it is necessary to perfect the supervision mechanism of the bankruptcy administrator, form a multi-level supervision system, continuously promote the process of professionalization of the bankruptcy administrator, and ensure the smooth progress of the bankruptcy procedure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.291.92;D971.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 羌旭;中美企業(yè)破產(chǎn)重整制度比較研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年
2 胡景智子;我國(guó)破產(chǎn)管理人制度的法律完善研究[D];新疆大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2402533
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