回溯推理理論在刑事偵查中的運(yùn)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-27 13:03
【摘要】：回溯推理理論是邏輯學(xué)中一個重要的國際性話題。作為生活實(shí)踐中經(jīng)常被運(yùn)用的邏輯推理工具,回溯推理在國內(nèi)外早就引起了人們極大的興趣和重視,被越來越廣泛地運(yùn)用到偵查、醫(yī)學(xué)、物理等多個領(lǐng)域。本文試在回溯推理理論已有研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,引進(jìn)西方邏輯學(xué)家應(yīng)用回溯推理到醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域所延伸出的新理論,以便豐富國內(nèi)對回溯推理理論的研究,并指導(dǎo)我國的法律實(shí)踐。 文章主要分為以下幾個部分： 第一部分：此部分主要闡述了回溯推理的歷史脈絡(luò)。首先,作者從西方回溯推理思想著手,介紹了從亞里士多德到齊姆賓斯基的回溯推理思想,對回溯推理的定義、推理模式做了簡要的陳述,而后作者對回溯推理的結(jié)論和分類做了簡要的分析。其次,作者介紹了我國邏輯學(xué)界對回溯推理的研究狀況,主要對回溯推理的定義和推理結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了介紹和分析。 第二部分：該部分主要介紹了回溯推理的理論構(gòu)成。其主要內(nèi)容是介紹西方邏輯學(xué)界瑪格納尼的回溯理論研究內(nèi)容。首先介紹的是假說的形成檢驗以及假說推理的認(rèn)識論模型,然后談到回溯推理的含義、特征、分類以及其與演繹、歸納的區(qū)別。其次作者談到三種具體的回溯推理形式——視覺回溯、時態(tài)回溯、醫(yī)療推理,重點(diǎn)介紹醫(yī)療推理的具體內(nèi)容,其主要由診斷和治療兩種推理形式組成。接下來,作者介紹了駕馭不一致性與撤銷科學(xué)假說,對駕馭不一致性的具體步驟和“失敗否定”理論進(jìn)行了介紹。 第三部分：本部分主要談及回溯理論在我國司法實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。首先,作者對瑪格納尼回溯推理理論進(jìn)行簡要評價,接著作者對其在法律實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用的可行性進(jìn)行了分析。其次,作者借鑒醫(yī)療推理模型,試著構(gòu)造出偵查回溯推理模式。最后,作者借助于具體的案例分析,具體介紹了偵查回溯推理模式的操作過程。 第四部分：結(jié)束語。醫(yī)療推理中的回溯思想利于我們跟進(jìn)一步地了解回溯推理理論,其中新的術(shù)語、模型都有利于我們更加深入地理解、掌握和運(yùn)用回溯理論。
[Abstract]:The theory of retrospective reasoning is an important international topic in logic. As a logical reasoning tool often used in the practice of life, retrospective reasoning has long attracted great interest and attention at home and abroad, and has been more and more widely used in many fields, such as investigation, medicine, physics and so on. On the basis of the existing research on the theory of retrospective reasoning, this paper introduces the new theory extended by western logicians into the medical field, in order to enrich the domestic research on the theory of retrospective reasoning and to guide the legal practice in our country. The article is divided into the following parts: the first part: this part mainly describes the historical context of retrospective reasoning. First of all, the author introduces the idea of retrospective reasoning from Aristotle to Zimbinsky, and gives a brief description of the definition and mode of retrospective reasoning. Then the author makes a brief analysis of the conclusion and classification of retrospective reasoning. Secondly, the author introduces the research status of backtracking reasoning in the field of logic in China, mainly introduces and analyzes the definition and structure of backtracking reasoning. The second part: this part mainly introduces the theory constitution of backtracking reasoning. Its main content is to introduce the western logic circle Magnani's backtracking theory research content. This paper first introduces the formative test of hypothesis and the epistemological model of hypothesis reasoning, and then discusses the meaning, characteristics, classification and the difference between backtracking reasoning and deduction and induction. Secondly, the author talks about three specific forms of retrospective reasoning: visual backtracking, temporal backtracking, medical reasoning, and mainly introduces the specific contents of medical reasoning, which is mainly composed of two kinds of reasoning forms: diagnosis and treatment. Then, the author introduces the scientific hypothesis of driving inconsistency and revocation, and introduces the concrete steps of driving inconsistency and the theory of "failure negation". The third part: this part mainly talks about the application of backtracking theory in our judicial practice. First, the author makes a brief evaluation of Margnani's theory of retrospective reasoning, and then analyzes the feasibility of its application in legal practice. Secondly, the author uses the medical reasoning model for reference and tries to construct the investigation retrospective reasoning model. Finally, the author introduces the operation process of the investigation backtracking reasoning model with the help of specific case analysis. Part four: conclusion. The idea of backtracking in medical reasoning is helpful for us to further understand the theory of retrospective reasoning, and the new terms and models are helpful for us to understand, master and apply the theory of backtracking more deeply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051
本文編號：2360883
[Abstract]:The theory of retrospective reasoning is an important international topic in logic. As a logical reasoning tool often used in the practice of life, retrospective reasoning has long attracted great interest and attention at home and abroad, and has been more and more widely used in many fields, such as investigation, medicine, physics and so on. On the basis of the existing research on the theory of retrospective reasoning, this paper introduces the new theory extended by western logicians into the medical field, in order to enrich the domestic research on the theory of retrospective reasoning and to guide the legal practice in our country. The article is divided into the following parts: the first part: this part mainly describes the historical context of retrospective reasoning. First of all, the author introduces the idea of retrospective reasoning from Aristotle to Zimbinsky, and gives a brief description of the definition and mode of retrospective reasoning. Then the author makes a brief analysis of the conclusion and classification of retrospective reasoning. Secondly, the author introduces the research status of backtracking reasoning in the field of logic in China, mainly introduces and analyzes the definition and structure of backtracking reasoning. The second part: this part mainly introduces the theory constitution of backtracking reasoning. Its main content is to introduce the western logic circle Magnani's backtracking theory research content. This paper first introduces the formative test of hypothesis and the epistemological model of hypothesis reasoning, and then discusses the meaning, characteristics, classification and the difference between backtracking reasoning and deduction and induction. Secondly, the author talks about three specific forms of retrospective reasoning: visual backtracking, temporal backtracking, medical reasoning, and mainly introduces the specific contents of medical reasoning, which is mainly composed of two kinds of reasoning forms: diagnosis and treatment. Then, the author introduces the scientific hypothesis of driving inconsistency and revocation, and introduces the concrete steps of driving inconsistency and the theory of "failure negation". The third part: this part mainly talks about the application of backtracking theory in our judicial practice. First, the author makes a brief evaluation of Margnani's theory of retrospective reasoning, and then analyzes the feasibility of its application in legal practice. Secondly, the author uses the medical reasoning model for reference and tries to construct the investigation retrospective reasoning model. Finally, the author introduces the operation process of the investigation backtracking reasoning model with the help of specific case analysis. Part four: conclusion. The idea of backtracking in medical reasoning is helpful for us to further understand the theory of retrospective reasoning, and the new terms and models are helpful for us to understand, master and apply the theory of backtracking more deeply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051
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