本文選題：清末法制 + 刑罰制度��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末刑法改革是法學(xué)界一個(gè)亙古不衰的話題,而刑罰制度的近代化改革更是清末刑法改革中的亮點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)封建刑罰制度以殘酷著稱,清末刑罰制度的近代化變革剔除了刑罰野蠻殘酷的一面,廢除了以肉刑為中心的刑罰體系,確立了以自由刑為中心的近代化刑罰體系,推崇刑罰的教育刑宗旨,使清末的刑罰制度走上近代化的道路。本文主要運(yùn)用社會(huì)學(xué)的方法,歷史文獻(xiàn)分析方法和比較的方法來(lái)系統(tǒng)論述清末刑罰制度的近代化。立足當(dāng)時(shí)的史料,主要是當(dāng)時(shí)的刑事類法典以及檔案史稿并結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景,從不同角度來(lái)分析論述清末刑罰制度的近代化。 清末刑罰改革處于內(nèi)憂外患的社會(huì)大背景之下,世界范圍內(nèi)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命浪潮此起彼伏。當(dāng)時(shí)的清王朝已經(jīng)處于半封建半殖民地狀態(tài),司法主權(quán)受到西方列強(qiáng)的干涉。清王朝積極地改革法律的一個(gè)直接目的就是想要收回領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)。引進(jìn)西方先進(jìn)的刑罰制度首先體現(xiàn)為對(duì)西方先進(jìn)的刑罰理念的引進(jìn),如,罪刑法定主義原則,教育刑原則,人權(quán)保障原則,刑罰執(zhí)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則等。清末的刑罰制度不僅確立了以自由刑為中心的新的刑罰體系,而且死刑執(zhí)行方式改為一元化的絞,死刑執(zhí)行的場(chǎng)所也改為監(jiān)內(nèi)。以自由刑為中心的刑罰體系的建立催生了監(jiān)獄的近代化變革,推動(dòng)了近代第一部監(jiān)獄律草案——《大清監(jiān)獄律草案》的出臺(tái)。在清末刑罰制度中引進(jìn)了西方的激勵(lì)措施:減刑制度、假釋制度、以及刑罰執(zhí)行過程中“累進(jìn)處遇制”等制度。這些制度的規(guī)定都極大地激勵(lì)了犯罪人,鼓勵(lì)他們通過自己的積極悔改來(lái)減輕自己的刑罰。 晚清刑罰制度的近代化改革對(duì)中國(guó)法制近代化尤其是刑法近代化的發(fā)展做出了不可磨滅的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。盡管由于種種原因以救亡圖存為目的的清末刑罰改革并沒有挽救腐朽的清王朝的命運(yùn),但這只是落后的封建階級(jí)退出歷史舞臺(tái),中國(guó)法制近代化的征程才剛剛開始。
[Abstract]:The reform of criminal law in the late Qing Dynasty is an everlasting topic in the field of law, and the modernization of the penal system is a bright spot in the reform of criminal law in the late Qing Dynasty.The traditional feudal penalty system is famous for its cruelty. The modernization of the penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty eliminated the brutal and cruel aspect of the penalty, abolished the penalty system centered on the corporal punishment, and established the modern penalty system with the freedom penalty as the center.The aim of educational punishment, which respected punishment, made the penalty system of the late Qing Dynasty on the way of modernization.This paper mainly discusses the modernization of penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty by means of sociology, historical literature analysis and comparison.Based on the historical data at that time, mainly the criminal code and archives of that time, and combined with the background of the times, this paper analyzes and discusses the modernization of the penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty from different angles.The penalty reform in the late Qing Dynasty was under the social background of internal and external troubles, and the bourgeois revolutionary wave occurred one after another in the world.At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in a semi-feudal and semi-colonial state, and the judicial sovereignty was interfered by western powers.One of the direct purposes of the Qing Dynasty's active reform of the law was to recover consular jurisdiction.The introduction of the advanced western penalty system first embodies the introduction of the advanced western penalty concepts, such as the principle of legality, the principle of education, the principle of human rights protection, the economic principle of penalty enforcement, and so on.The penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty not only established a new penalty system centered on free punishment, but also changed the execution mode of death penalty to monistic strangulation, and the place where execution of death penalty was carried out was changed into prison.The establishment of the penalty system centered on the free punishment gave birth to the modernization of the prison and promoted the publication of the first draft of the prison law in modern times-the draft of the prison law of the Qing Dynasty.In the late Qing Dynasty, western incentive measures were introduced, such as commutation system, parole system, and progressive system in the process of penalty execution.The provisions of these systems greatly encourage criminals to reduce their penalties through active repentance.The modernization of the penal system in the late Qing Dynasty made an indelible contribution to the modernization of the Chinese legal system, especially the modernization of the criminal law.Although the penalty reform aimed at saving the nation from the dead for various reasons did not save the fate of the decaying Qing Dynasty, it was only the retreat of the backward feudal class from the historical stage, and the process of modernization of China's legal system had just begun.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D924.12

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本文編號(hào)：1756011