本文關鍵詞：清代“事例”的法源地位及現(xiàn)代啟示　出處：《遼寧大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 清朝律典 條例 事例

【摘要】：清朝是我國最后的專制王朝,清代法律也是集封建法律之大成者。清朝法律屬于“律例法體系”,“例”是其中一個重要法源。清代本著“崇古”及皇權威嚴的思想,認定“律典”不可妄動,為“例”的制定留下空間。清代的“例”分為條例、則例和事例,“事例”是清代“例”體系中的一類,具有“例”的一般特性,同時在立法和司法實踐上具有特殊性。事例是以行政法性質(zhì)為主帶有諸法合體性質(zhì),并附于《大清會典》之后的單行法規(guī)。事例繁多冗雜不成系統(tǒng),研究起來較為困難。由劉篤才教授作為負責人的國家社科基金重點項目“明清事例研究”,是迄今為止對“事例”最為詳盡深入的研究。筆者主要是以劉篤才教授的學術觀點為依據(jù),將清代律例法體系視為完整系統(tǒng),從詳實實證資料入手,界定“事例”的含義與性質(zhì),梳理事例作為法源的形成過程,通過分析條例、則例、判例與事例的區(qū)別,總結(jié)事例的特征,分析事例在清代長久存在的原因,進而指出事例這一法源在清代律例法體系中占有重要地位。事例的作用體現(xiàn)在:立法上彌補律典之不足,執(zhí)法上“明刑弼eN”,司法上“便于聽斷”。當然,事例又有諸如權利等差、義務本位、立法專斷、內(nèi)容零散等局限性。雖然“事例”的各種弊端飽受現(xiàn)代學者的詬病,如它時效性較短,太過細枝末節(jié),或是偶有“以例破律”的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。但“事例”體現(xiàn)了清朝法律變通的魅力,展現(xiàn)了高超的立法技術水平,在當時確有存在的必要性和合理性,因而能在有清一代蓬勃滋長。“史”不僅要“思”,更貴在“鑒”,即以史鑒今。“事例”將律典比較抽象的精神原則具體化,通過制定臨時性的法律規(guī)范使司法實踐有法可依,尤其是“奏折”立法的出現(xiàn)更是大幅度縮短了立法周期,提高了行政效率。借鑒這種解決具體問題能力強,又方便快捷的長處,克服其弊端,實現(xiàn)“又好又快”的立法,對于瞬息萬變的當代社會確實是大有裨益。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last autocratic dynasty in China, and the law of the Qing Dynasty was also a great success of the feudal law. The law of the Qing Dynasty belonged to the "system of laws and regulations". "the law" is one of the important sources of law. The Qing Dynasty, in line with the thought of "worshipping the ancient" and the majesty of the imperial power, decided that the "code of law" could not be acted on, leaving room for the formulation of the "law". The "example" of the Qing Dynasty was divided into regulations, rules of principles and examples. "case" is a kind of "example" system in Qing Dynasty, which has the general characteristic of "example", and has particularity in legislation and judicial practice at the same time. And attached to the "Qing Dynasty" after the separate laws and regulations. There are many cases jumbled into a system, it is more difficult to study. Professor Liu Ducai as the head of the National Social Science Fund key project "case study in the Ming and Qing dynasties." It is the most detailed and in-depth study of "case" so far. The author mainly based on the academic point of view of Professor Liu Ducai, regard the law system of Qing Dynasty as a complete system, starting from the detailed empirical data. It defines the meaning and nature of "case", combs the forming process of case as a source of law, through analyzing the difference between regulations, rules of law, precedent and case, summarizes the characteristics of cases, and analyzes the reasons for the long existence of cases in the Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, it points out that the law source of the case occupies an important position in the legal system of the Qing Dynasty. The role of the case is reflected in the following aspects: making up for the deficiency of the law code in legislation, enforcing the law "Ming punishment Bi en", and "convenient to hear and judge" in the administration of justice. Of course. Examples such as rights, obligations, arbitrary legislation, scattered content and other limitations. Although the "case" of various drawbacks have been criticized by modern scholars, such as its short timeliness, too detailed. Or occasionally the phenomenon of "breaking the law with examples", but "examples" reflects the charm of the legal flexibility of the Qing Dynasty, showing the superb level of legislative technology, the existence of the necessity and reasonableness at that time. Therefore, it can flourish in the Qing Dynasty. "History" should not only "think", but also "mirror", that is to say, "examples" concretize the more abstract spiritual principles of the law. Through the establishment of temporary legal norms to make the judicial practice have a legal basis, especially the appearance of "pass-through" legislation has significantly shortened the legislative cycle, improved administrative efficiency. The ability to use for reference to solve specific problems is strong. The advantages of convenience and speed, overcoming its disadvantages and realizing "good and fast" legislation are indeed of great benefit to the rapidly changing contemporary society.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K249;D929

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