【摘要】："三年之喪"原本只有少數(shù)東夷貴族在先周時(shí)代間或?qū)嵭�。夏人�?yīng)行"七七之喪"。西周官方則行天子七月、諸侯五月、大夫三月、士二月之喪,但亦稱為"三年之喪",可見"三年之喪"后已成了傳統(tǒng)喪禮的通名。晚周禮崩樂壞,甚至連最守周禮的周國(guó)魯國(guó)都不再實(shí)行"三年之喪"了�？酌戏磸�(fù)倡導(dǎo)"三年之喪",甚至說此乃三代"自天子達(dá)于庶人""天下之通喪",主要是為了托古改制,其政治目的有二:一是幫助新君利用血統(tǒng)上和宗教上的合法性,通過漫長(zhǎng)喪期的逐步過渡,最終獲得政治上的合法性,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)力的平穩(wěn)交接;二是在社會(huì)失范、君臣失序的晚周時(shí)代,通過倡導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)喪禮,進(jìn)而倡導(dǎo)孝道忠道,恢復(fù)"君君,臣臣,父父,子子"的政治秩序和社會(huì)秩序,讓天下重歸安寧。其文化目的則是,保存先進(jìn)的華夏文明,避免華夏諸族蠻夷化。
[Abstract]:"three years of mourning" originally only a few Dongyi aristocrats in the early Zhou period or implementation. Summer people should be "seven mourning." Western Zhou officials held the emperor's July, princes in May, doctors in March, officials in February, but also known as "three years of mourning", can be seen after the "three years of mourning" has become the general name of the traditional funeral. Even the state of Lu, the most obedient state of Zhou, no longer carried out three years of mourning. Confucius and Mencius have repeatedly advocated "three years of mourning," and even said that this was the "mourning of the world" for three generations, mainly for the sake of the reform of the ancient system. Its political purposes were twofold: one was to help the new monarch take advantage of the legitimacy of lineage and religion. Through the gradual transition of the long period of mourning, the political legitimacy is finally obtained, thus the smooth transfer of power is realized; Second, in the late Zhou Dynasty, when the society was out of order and monarch and minister were out of order, the political and social order of "monarch, minister, father, son" was restored by advocating traditional funeral ceremony, and then advocating filial duty and loyalty, so that the world could return to peace again. Its cultural purpose is to preserve the advanced Chinese civilization, to avoid the barbarian ethnic groups.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)文學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：B222

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