【摘要】：伴隨著中國(guó)改革開放進(jìn)程的加快,人們的物質(zhì)生活水平不斷提高,物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品日益豐富。與此同時(shí),圍繞著人的需要與社會(huì)生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾卻沒有因此得以緩解,反而造成了一系列更為嚴(yán)峻的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。如果任由這一趨勢(shì)發(fā)展,人的自身和社會(huì)的發(fā)展都將失去可能性。本文基于對(duì)馬克思主義文本、道家文獻(xiàn)的理論梳理,在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者既有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展中人的需要的異化這一重大現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題,分析和概括傳統(tǒng)文化中道家的需要理論及其對(duì)于人的發(fā)展和社會(huì)發(fā)展所具有的當(dāng)代價(jià)值。論文內(nèi)容共分為四章:序言部分綜述了馬克思主義的需要理論以及道家需要理論的研究意義,以及該論題在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀;并且在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上以道家哲學(xué)為新的切入點(diǎn)對(duì)馬克思主義的需要理論加以研究。第二章對(duì)需要理論相關(guān)哲學(xué)概念進(jìn)行梳理,作為研究道家需要理論的基本依據(jù)。馬克思主義認(rèn)為人的需要即人為了維持自身的延續(xù)和發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)外界事物的各種要求,包括以主觀性為表現(xiàn)的客觀性、以物質(zhì)性為基礎(chǔ)的多樣性、以個(gè)體性為前提的社會(huì)性和與歷史性相伴的無(wú)限性四個(gè)基本特征;人的需要可劃分為歷時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和共時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),可分為生存、享受和發(fā)展的三個(gè)層次;從價(jià)值角度可以將人的需要分為合理需要與不合理需要,它們對(duì)于人的發(fā)展具有重要作用。第三章論述道家需要理論的具體內(nèi)容。道家需要理論的邏輯起點(diǎn)是以“道”為核心的本體論,同時(shí)它也是構(gòu)成道家人性論的基礎(chǔ)。從馬克思主義需要理論的視角,道家的需要理論可以概括為四個(gè)方面:以養(yǎng)生和保民為內(nèi)容的生存需要、以適欲與安樂(lè)為內(nèi)容的享樂(lè)需要、以功業(yè)與逍遙為內(nèi)容的發(fā)展需要。第四章是本文的主要研究方面,揭示道家需要理論的當(dāng)代價(jià)值。通過(guò)借鑒道家需要理論中“天人合一”、“適欲安樂(lè)”、“足性逍遙”的思想,在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中協(xié)調(diào)人與自然、人與社會(huì)以及人與自身的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of China's reform and opening-up process, people's material living standards are constantly improving, and material products are increasingly rich. At the same time, the contradiction between human needs and social production has not been alleviated, but has resulted in a series of more severe social problems. If this trend is allowed to develop, people's own and social development will lose the possibility. Based on the theoretical analysis of Marxist texts and Taoist literature, this paper combines the dissimilation of human needs in the development of Chinese society on the basis of the existing research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars. This paper analyzes and generalizes the theory of Taoist needs in traditional culture and its contemporary value for human and social development. The content of the thesis is divided into four chapters: the preface summarizes the significance of the research on the Marxist theory of need and the Taoist theory of need, and the present situation of the research on this topic at home and abroad; And on the basis of the existing research, Taoist philosophy as a new entry point to the needs of Marxism theory to be studied. The second chapter combs the relevant philosophical concepts of need theory as the basic basis for the study of Taoist needs theory. Marxism holds that human needs are all kinds of demands on external things which are produced by human beings in order to maintain their own continuity and development, including the objectivity expressed by subjectivity and the diversity based on materiality. The four basic characteristics of sociality based on individuality and infinity concomitant with history; Human needs can be divided into historical temporal structure and co-temporal structure, which can be divided into three levels of survival, enjoyment and development, and human needs can be divided into rational needs and unreasonable needs from the perspective of value, which play an important role in human development. The third chapter discusses the specific content of Taoist needs theory. The logical starting point of Taoist needs theory is the ontology with Tao as the core, and it is also the basis of the Taoist theory of human nature. From the perspective of Marxist theory of need, the theory of needs of Taoism can be summed up in four aspects: the need for survival with the content of health preservation and protection of the people, the need for enjoyment with the content of fitness and comfort, and the need for the development of the content of merit and pleasure. The fourth chapter is the main research aspect of this paper, revealing the contemporary value of Taoist needs theory. By drawing lessons from the thought of "harmony of nature and man", "comfort of desire" and "free and unfettered nature" in the theory of Taoist needs, the relationship between man and nature, between man and society, and between man and himself in real life is studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B223

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