本文選題：叔本華 + 意志�。� 參考：《長安大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：阿圖爾·叔本華作為西方唯意志哲學的奠基人,在西方哲學史中具有重要的地位。叔本華以其非理性的哲學體系動搖了西方理性主義大廈的根基,成為近代西方人本主義的哲學思潮的重要推動者之一。叔本華哲學理論的核心旨在其悲觀主義的人生哲學,即將痛苦看作是人生的所有問題,人生即是一場悲劇。他從人自身出發(fā),創(chuàng)造以意志和表象為基礎(chǔ)的唯意志論哲學體系,進而推導出人生本質(zhì)即是痛苦和無聊,即由意志生成人生痛苦的悲觀定論。只有通過否定意志,才能使人從痛苦人生中得到解脫。叔本華這一關(guān)注人生痛苦的哲學家,將悲觀主義發(fā)揮到了極致。其思想本質(zhì)上是一種主觀唯心主義,對其思想的消極傾向應本著一種科學的揚棄,但縱觀叔本華悲觀主義人生哲學,其中所蘊含的積極價值,即反省人類自身和強調(diào)人獲得幸福的內(nèi)因作用,對當今人類解決現(xiàn)代性的困惑仍然具有積極的意蘊。伴隨著西方人本主義思潮進入中國,叔本華的悲觀主義人生哲學在當代中國青年群體中悄然流行,叔本華的人生哲學的理念源自生活,部分青年群體對現(xiàn)實生活中悲觀的理解進而在叔本華哲學中找到了共鳴,叔本華悲觀主義的人生哲學給予這類青年以思想上的慰籍,從而影響了這類青年人生價值觀的建構(gòu)。因此,有必要從馬克思主義的視角出發(fā),對悲觀主義的歷史背景、基本邏輯和基本原則進行梳理和澄清,探索叔本華悲觀主義人生哲學對當代中國青年所蘊含的現(xiàn)實意蘊和積極啟示,從而引導當今社會上對生活有悲觀失望情緒的青年,能夠走出生活的泥潭,揚起明日的風帆。本文首先從探討叔本華哲學的歷史淵源入手,分析其哲學產(chǎn)生的時代背景和理論淵源,探求其悲觀主義人生哲學得以產(chǎn)生的歷史前提;其次,對叔本華悲觀主義人生哲學的主要內(nèi)容做出明確的闡述,即從唯意志本體論的理論解讀、剖析其痛苦與人生之間的關(guān)系和詳解痛苦人生的解決路徑這三個維度入手,探尋悲觀主義的理論內(nèi)涵;再次,通過馬克思主義思想對叔本華悲觀主義思想進行評價并分析其所產(chǎn)生的歷史影響,在肯定其所蘊含的積極性的同時,并對其自身的局限性進行科學的批判;最后,結(jié)合叔本華對當代中國青年群體中所產(chǎn)生的影響和后果,用辯證的觀點深入剖析了悲劇人生中所蘊藏的積極意蘊,為當下中國青年群體現(xiàn)代性困惑的解決提供可靠的理論支撐及現(xiàn)實啟示。
[Abstract]:Atul Schopenhauer, as the founder of Western philosophy of will, plays an important role in the history of western philosophy. Schopenhauer shakes the foundation of western rationalism with his irrational philosophy system and becomes one of the important promoters of modern western humanism. Schopenhauer's philosophy of life, which aims at pessimism, regards suffering as all the problems of life, and life is a tragedy. He created a philosophical system of volitional philosophy based on will and appearance, and then deduced that the essence of life is pain and boredom, that is, the pessimistic conclusion that the will generates the suffering of life. It is only by negating will that one can be liberated from a painful life. Schopenhauer, a philosopher concerned with the pain of life, brought pessimism to its extreme. Its thought is essentially a kind of subjective idealism, the negative tendency to its thought should be based on a kind of scientific sublation, but throughout Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life, the positive value contained therein, That is to say, introspection of human being and emphasizing the internal cause of human happiness still have positive meaning to solve the puzzles of modernity. With the trend of western humanism entering into China, Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life is quietly popular among the contemporary Chinese youth group, and Schopenhauer's philosophy of life comes from life. Some of the young people's pessimistic understanding of real life has found resonance in Schopenhauer's philosophy. Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life gives such young people ideological comfort, thus affecting the construction of such young people's life values. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out and clarify the historical background, basic logic and basic principles of pessimism from the perspective of Marxism. This paper explores the realistic implication and positive enlightenment of Schopenhauer's pessimism life philosophy to contemporary Chinese youth, so as to guide the young people who are pessimistic and disappointed in life in today's society, to get out of the quagmire of life and to raise the sail of tomorrow. This paper begins with the historical origin of Schopenhauer's philosophy, analyzes the historical background and theoretical origin of Schopenhauer's philosophy, and explores the historical premise of Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life. The main content of Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life is clearly expounded, that is, from the theoretical interpretation of the ontological theory of will, the relationship between his suffering and life and the three dimensions of solving the painful life in detail are analyzed. Explore the theoretical connotation of pessimism; thirdly, evaluate Schopenhauer's pessimism through Marxist thought and analyze its historical influence, while affirming its enthusiasm, Finally, combined with Schopenhauer's influence and consequence on contemporary Chinese youth group, the author deeply analyzes the positive implication of tragic life from the dialectical point of view. To provide reliable theoretical support and practical enlightenment for the solution of the modernity puzzles of Chinese youth groups.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B516.41

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