營口市某社區(qū)居民營養(yǎng)狀況的調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-26 17:06
【摘要】：目的:通過對居民進行一般狀況、膳食營養(yǎng)及營養(yǎng)知識知信行問卷調(diào)查,了解營口地區(qū)居民營養(yǎng)健康狀況及知信行水平,為有關部門制訂與營養(yǎng)相關疾病的預防及治療等干預措施提供科學依據(jù),為建立社區(qū)人群營養(yǎng)及健康檔案提供基礎資料。方法:采用分層整群隨機抽樣的方法,隨機抽取遼寧省營口市某街道社區(qū)18歲以上750名居民為調(diào)查對象,由經(jīng)過統(tǒng)一培訓的調(diào)查員向調(diào)查對象提問并填寫問卷,并進行相關體格檢查。采用Epi Data軟件進行調(diào)查問卷數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立與錄用,運用SPSS23.0軟件進行相關統(tǒng)計運算及分析。結果:(1)根據(jù)被調(diào)查人群的營養(yǎng)狀況評價得出結論,人群正常體重率為47.7%,超重和肥胖率為47.0%,消瘦的居民占5.3%。各年齡組超重和肥胖率隨年齡增長具有上升趨勢,以50-69歲組超重肥胖率最高,70歲以上年齡組次之。(2)營養(yǎng)素攝入與食物的來源有其地域特點。三大產(chǎn)能營養(yǎng)素中蛋白質(zhì)的主要食物來源為魚類、豆類蛋白、小麥、畜肉等;與脂肪的主要食物來源為植物油、畜肉、堅果等;碳水化的主要食物來源為大米、水果、小麥等;人體能量攝入主要食物來源為植物油、畜肉、魚和干果等。膳食營養(yǎng)素調(diào)查結果與《中國居民膳食指南2016》比較,雖然總能量攝入不高,但蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪的攝入超過標準能量比例,而碳水化合物相對較低。體重超重和肥胖人群總能量及蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物攝入均高于正常組人群。(3)根據(jù)調(diào)查人群有關營養(yǎng)知識“知、信、行”的結果分析得知,調(diào)查對象中有67.5%的人對中國居民膳食寶塔和膳食指南的相關內(nèi)容不了解,健康營養(yǎng)知識缺乏。體重超重和肥胖人群更愿意選擇“匹薩、漢堡、膨化食品”等高熱量的食品和零食,他們更傾向于散步、太極等輕體力運動;該人群的休閑活動是以看電視、閱讀書籍、報刊等靜坐類形式為主。顯示被調(diào)查者中體重超重肥胖有不良的飲食愛好和少運動或不運動的習慣。結論:被調(diào)查人群總體超重和肥胖率為47.0%,各年齡組超重肥胖率隨年齡增長具有上升趨勢。該地居民膳食營養(yǎng)狀況良好,三大產(chǎn)能營養(yǎng)素比例基本適宜,以魚類和豆類為主要蛋白質(zhì)來源。優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白攝入較高,植物油攝入偏高,碳水化合物攝入水平相對偏低。被調(diào)查者的營養(yǎng)知識有欠缺或不足,大多數(shù)對人群營養(yǎng)態(tài)度正確,飲食行為比較合理,飲食態(tài)度基本正確。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the nutritional health status and the level of knowledge and practice of nutrition in Yingkou area by questionnaire survey on general status, dietary nutrition and knowledge of nutrition. To provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention measures such as prevention and treatment of nutrition-related diseases and to provide basic data for establishing nutrition and health records of community population. Methods: using stratified cluster random sampling method, 750 residents over 18 years old in a street community in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province were randomly selected. And carries on the related physical examination. Epi Data software is used to build and employ questionnaire database, and SPSS23.0 software is used to carry out statistical calculation and analysis. Results: (1) according to the nutritional status evaluation of the investigated population, the normal body weight rate was 47.7%, the overweight and obesity rate was 47.0%, and the wasting residents accounted for 5.3%. The rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The overweight and obesity rate of 50-69 years old group was the highest, followed by the age group over 70 years old. (2) the source of nutrient intake and food had its regional characteristics. The main food sources of protein in the three productive nutrients are fish, bean protein, wheat and animal meat, the main food sources with fat are vegetable oil, animal meat, nuts, etc. The main food sources of carbohydration are rice, fruit, wheat and so on. The main sources of energy intake are vegetable oil, animal meat, fish and dried fruit. The results of dietary nutrition survey were compared with the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (2016). Although the total energy intake was not high, the intake of protein and fat exceeded the standard energy ratio, while the carbohydrates were relatively low. The total energy and protein, fat and carbohydrate intake of overweight and obese people were higher than those of normal group. (3) according to the results of nutritional knowledge, 67.5% of the respondents did not know the contents of the Dietary Pagoda and Dietary Guide of Chinese residents, and lack of knowledge of health and nutrition. Overweight and obese people prefer high-calorie foods and snacks such as "pizza, hamburger, puffed food" and are more likely to take a walk or light physical exercise such as Tai Chi. The leisure activities of this group are mainly in the form of watching TV, reading books, newspapers and periodicals. The results showed that overweight and obese subjects had poor dietary preferences and less exercise or inactivity habits. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 47.0, and the rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The dietary nutritional status of the residents was good and the ratio of the three main productive nutrients was basically suitable. Fish and beans were the main sources of protein. High quality protein intake, higher vegetable oil intake and lower carbohydrate intake. The nutrition knowledge of the respondents is deficient or insufficient, most of them have correct nutrition attitude towards the crowd, eating behavior is reasonable, and eating attitude is basically correct.
【學位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R151.42
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the nutritional health status and the level of knowledge and practice of nutrition in Yingkou area by questionnaire survey on general status, dietary nutrition and knowledge of nutrition. To provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention measures such as prevention and treatment of nutrition-related diseases and to provide basic data for establishing nutrition and health records of community population. Methods: using stratified cluster random sampling method, 750 residents over 18 years old in a street community in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province were randomly selected. And carries on the related physical examination. Epi Data software is used to build and employ questionnaire database, and SPSS23.0 software is used to carry out statistical calculation and analysis. Results: (1) according to the nutritional status evaluation of the investigated population, the normal body weight rate was 47.7%, the overweight and obesity rate was 47.0%, and the wasting residents accounted for 5.3%. The rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The overweight and obesity rate of 50-69 years old group was the highest, followed by the age group over 70 years old. (2) the source of nutrient intake and food had its regional characteristics. The main food sources of protein in the three productive nutrients are fish, bean protein, wheat and animal meat, the main food sources with fat are vegetable oil, animal meat, nuts, etc. The main food sources of carbohydration are rice, fruit, wheat and so on. The main sources of energy intake are vegetable oil, animal meat, fish and dried fruit. The results of dietary nutrition survey were compared with the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (2016). Although the total energy intake was not high, the intake of protein and fat exceeded the standard energy ratio, while the carbohydrates were relatively low. The total energy and protein, fat and carbohydrate intake of overweight and obese people were higher than those of normal group. (3) according to the results of nutritional knowledge, 67.5% of the respondents did not know the contents of the Dietary Pagoda and Dietary Guide of Chinese residents, and lack of knowledge of health and nutrition. Overweight and obese people prefer high-calorie foods and snacks such as "pizza, hamburger, puffed food" and are more likely to take a walk or light physical exercise such as Tai Chi. The leisure activities of this group are mainly in the form of watching TV, reading books, newspapers and periodicals. The results showed that overweight and obese subjects had poor dietary preferences and less exercise or inactivity habits. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 47.0, and the rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The dietary nutritional status of the residents was good and the ratio of the three main productive nutrients was basically suitable. Fish and beans were the main sources of protein. High quality protein intake, higher vegetable oil intake and lower carbohydrate intake. The nutrition knowledge of the respondents is deficient or insufficient, most of them have correct nutrition attitude towards the crowd, eating behavior is reasonable, and eating attitude is basically correct.
【學位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R151.42
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
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