吉林省出租車公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀及干預(yù)效果評價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 11:30
【摘要】：目的了解吉林省出租車公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)水平的現(xiàn)狀；分析吉林省出租車公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)干預(yù)效果并明確出租公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)的影響因素。方法資料收集采用問卷調(diào)查法,樣本抽樣為便利抽樣法,在吉林省健康教育中心的統(tǒng)一組織下,由長春市、吉林市、四平市、遼源市、通化市、白山市、松原市、延邊州及長白山管委會等9個(gè)地區(qū)的疾控中心各選取64名符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究對象�，F(xiàn)狀調(diào)查中共發(fā)放576份問卷,回收問卷576份,剔除無效問卷18份,有效問卷558份。采用一般狀況調(diào)查表、健康素養(yǎng)量表及自我效能量表。利用百分率、均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差等對社會人口學(xué)特征、健康素養(yǎng)及自我效能進(jìn)行描述性分析,利用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、卡方檢驗(yàn)、 單因素方差分析比較健康素養(yǎng)在社會人口學(xué)特征上的差異,對有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的因素與健康素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行多元回歸分析。干預(yù)后利用百分率、均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差等對干預(yù)前后健康素養(yǎng)及自我效能描述性分析,采用配對樣本t檢驗(yàn)對實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)前后的健康素養(yǎng)及自我效能的差異進(jìn)行比較分析。結(jié)果1、吉林省出租車及公交車駕駛員具備健康素養(yǎng)的比例為5.2%,其中基本知識和理念比例為2.3%,健康生活方式和基本技能比例為19.4%、91.5%,研究對象對于心肺復(fù)蘇、海姆立克及外傷處理等急救知識知曉率低,對于撥打急救電話等相關(guān)技能知曉率高。2、不同社會人口學(xué)特征的研究對象,其健康素養(yǎng)具備率呈現(xiàn)不同變化趨勢,年齡在30-39歲健康素養(yǎng)水平最高,隨后呈現(xiàn)負(fù)增長趨勢；公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)具備率高于出租車駕駛員；班次可以影響健康素養(yǎng)具備率,其中不固定班次具備率最高,夜班最低；擁有急救經(jīng)歷與培訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷的駕駛員安全素養(yǎng)具備率高；自我效能高分組健康素養(yǎng)具備率比低分組高。其中年齡、車輛種類、班次、急救經(jīng)歷、培訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷及自我效能這6個(gè)因素均可進(jìn)入回歸方程,并對健康素養(yǎng)水平有一定的預(yù)測力。3、通過科學(xué)的講授法與實(shí)踐教育法干預(yù)后,可以有效提高駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)水平,便于駕駛員更好的掌握心肺復(fù)蘇、海姆立克及外傷處理等安全急救知識與技能。結(jié)論1、吉林省出租、公交車駕駛員健康素養(yǎng)水平較低,獲取急救知識途徑主要為電視及互聯(lián)網(wǎng),接受正規(guī)安全急救培訓(xùn)者少,駕駛員對于突發(fā)事件中撥打求救電話的基本技能掌握較好,但對于心肺復(fù)蘇、海姆立克及外傷處理等安全急救知識和技能的掌握相當(dāng)匱乏。2、駕駛員作為交通一線人員,其健康素養(yǎng)水平急需進(jìn)一步提高,不僅要加強(qiáng)撥打急救電話等簡單的求救技能,同時(shí)應(yīng)著重學(xué)習(xí)及強(qiáng)化專業(yè)的安全急救知識及相關(guān)技能,如在外傷處理、心肺復(fù)蘇、濫用藥物、心理調(diào)適、氣道異物阻塞及預(yù)防食物中毒等相關(guān)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)、演練,鼓勵(lì)他們實(shí)施安全急救行為及急救的相關(guān)自信心。3、國家應(yīng)當(dāng)加快駕駛員院前急救培訓(xùn)體系建設(shè),統(tǒng)一教材、統(tǒng)一方法,建立健全急救培訓(xùn)體制,并為施救者提供法律保障,給予相應(yīng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)及保護(hù),從而有效提高駕駛員救助他人的積極性,對于提高急救成功率,降低院前死亡率有重大的意義。
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province, analyze the effect of intervention on health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province and identify the influencing factors of health literacy of taxi drivers. Under the unified organization of the education center, 64 subjects were selected from 9 CDC centers in Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Songyuan, Yanbian and Changbaishan. A total of 576 questionnaires were distributed, 576 questionnaires were collected, 18 invalid questionnaires were rejected and valid questionnaires were valid. 558 copies. General condition questionnaire, health literacy scale and self-efficacy scale were used. The descriptive analysis of social demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-efficacy was carried out by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of social demographic characteristics of health literacy were compared by independent sample t test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The descriptive analysis of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention was made by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention were compared and analyzed by paired sample t test. The proportion of taxi and bus drivers with health literacy was 5.2%. The proportion of basic knowledge and concept was 2.3%. The proportion of healthy lifestyle and basic skills was 19.4%. 91.5%. The subjects had low awareness of first aid knowledge such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management, and high awareness of related skills such as making emergency calls. The health literacy possession rate of the subjects with different social demographic characteristics showed different trends. The health literacy level of the subjects aged 30-39 was the highest, and then showed a negative growth trend; the health literacy possession rate of bus drivers was higher than that of taxi drivers; the number of shifts could affect the health literacy possession rate, and the number of non-regular shifts had the highest. The highest rate, the lowest night shift; the driver with first aid experience and training experience had a higher rate of safety literacy; the high self-efficacy group had a higher rate of health literacy than the low-score group. 3. The intervention of scientific teaching method and practical education method can effectively improve the driver's health literacy level and facilitate the driver to better grasp the knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The main channels are TV and Internet. Few people receive formal safety first aid training. Drivers have a good grasp of the basic skills of calling for help in emergencies. However, they lack the knowledge and skills of first aid such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The level needs to be further improved. We should not only strengthen the simple rescue skills such as making emergency calls, but also focus on learning and strengthening the professional safety and first aid knowledge and related skills, such as trauma management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, drug abuse, psychological adjustment, airway foreign body obstruction and prevention of food poisoning. The state should speed up the construction of pre-hospital first aid training system for drivers, unify teaching materials, unify methods, establish and improve the first aid training system, provide legal protection for rescuers, give corresponding incentives and protection, thus effectively improving the enthusiasm of drivers to rescue others. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of first aid and reduce pre hospital mortality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R13
本文編號：2189332
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province, analyze the effect of intervention on health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province and identify the influencing factors of health literacy of taxi drivers. Under the unified organization of the education center, 64 subjects were selected from 9 CDC centers in Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Songyuan, Yanbian and Changbaishan. A total of 576 questionnaires were distributed, 576 questionnaires were collected, 18 invalid questionnaires were rejected and valid questionnaires were valid. 558 copies. General condition questionnaire, health literacy scale and self-efficacy scale were used. The descriptive analysis of social demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-efficacy was carried out by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of social demographic characteristics of health literacy were compared by independent sample t test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The descriptive analysis of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention was made by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention were compared and analyzed by paired sample t test. The proportion of taxi and bus drivers with health literacy was 5.2%. The proportion of basic knowledge and concept was 2.3%. The proportion of healthy lifestyle and basic skills was 19.4%. 91.5%. The subjects had low awareness of first aid knowledge such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management, and high awareness of related skills such as making emergency calls. The health literacy possession rate of the subjects with different social demographic characteristics showed different trends. The health literacy level of the subjects aged 30-39 was the highest, and then showed a negative growth trend; the health literacy possession rate of bus drivers was higher than that of taxi drivers; the number of shifts could affect the health literacy possession rate, and the number of non-regular shifts had the highest. The highest rate, the lowest night shift; the driver with first aid experience and training experience had a higher rate of safety literacy; the high self-efficacy group had a higher rate of health literacy than the low-score group. 3. The intervention of scientific teaching method and practical education method can effectively improve the driver's health literacy level and facilitate the driver to better grasp the knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The main channels are TV and Internet. Few people receive formal safety first aid training. Drivers have a good grasp of the basic skills of calling for help in emergencies. However, they lack the knowledge and skills of first aid such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The level needs to be further improved. We should not only strengthen the simple rescue skills such as making emergency calls, but also focus on learning and strengthening the professional safety and first aid knowledge and related skills, such as trauma management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, drug abuse, psychological adjustment, airway foreign body obstruction and prevention of food poisoning. The state should speed up the construction of pre-hospital first aid training system for drivers, unify teaching materials, unify methods, establish and improve the first aid training system, provide legal protection for rescuers, give corresponding incentives and protection, thus effectively improving the enthusiasm of drivers to rescue others. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of first aid and reduce pre hospital mortality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R13
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