PC12細胞—大鼠μ阿片受體穩(wěn)定表達系的建立與胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能分子機制研究
本文選題:μ阿片受體 + I1咪唑受體。 參考:《中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:藥物成癮已成為嚴重的全球性公共衛(wèi)生問題和突出的社會問題。根本原因在于藥物成癮的分子生物學(xué)機制尚未闡明,缺乏理想的藥物靶標和醫(yī)學(xué)生物學(xué)干預(yù)手段。本實驗室前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胍丁胺自身不成癮,通過激活I(lǐng)1咪唑啉受體(I1-imidazoline receptor,I1R)增強阿片鎮(zhèn)痛、拮抗阿片耐受,對阿片軀體和精神依賴具有較好的預(yù)防與治療作用,對稽延癥狀有效,具備理想的防復(fù)吸候選藥物特點。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)源性胍丁胺和上述外源性胍丁胺作用類似,對阿片成癮亦具有顯著抑制作用。據(jù)此本課題組提出了“胍丁胺——I1R可能構(gòu)成了又一新的阿片功能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)”的科學(xué)假說。深入研究I1R調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能的相關(guān)分子生物學(xué)機制,對促進I1R成為新型抗阿片成癮的藥物靶標具有重要的理論意義和實際應(yīng)用價值,將為揭示阿片成癮的分子機制提供有益的線索。遺憾的是I1R和α2腎上腺素受體(α2adrenergic receptor, α2AR)幾乎在所有組織與細胞中同時表達,并且作用于I1R的藥物也都能作用于α2AR,無特異性I1R工具藥物。這些嚴重阻礙了I1R調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能分子機制的研究進展。 大量研究工作證實,大鼠腎上腺髓質(zhì)嗜鉻細胞瘤細胞(pheochromocytoma cell,PC12)經(jīng)神經(jīng)生長因子誘導(dǎo)后具有一定神經(jīng)元生物學(xué)特征,表達有I1R,但不表達α2AR和μ阿片受體。本研究采用慢病毒感染技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了在PC12細胞中穩(wěn)定表達了大鼠μ阿片受體(ratmu opioid receptor,rMOR),采用流式細胞分選技術(shù)篩選出高表達rMOR的PC12細胞,經(jīng)單克隆細胞的放大培養(yǎng)后獲得了多個表達rMOR的單克隆細胞系,經(jīng)相關(guān)鑒定后建立具有神經(jīng)元特性、無α2AR干擾、具有rMOR與野生型I1R共表達的穩(wěn)定細胞系,為研究胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能的細胞生物學(xué)機制提供了一個較為理想的細胞模型。在此模型上,我們觀察了胍丁胺對慢性嗎啡處理引起的cAMP超射的抑制作用及抗嗎啡細胞增殖抑制作用。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用生化藥理學(xué)技術(shù)在此細胞模型上研究了胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能的可能分子機制。 1、PC12細胞-rMOR穩(wěn)定表達細胞系的建立 為了達到建立PC12細胞-μ阿片受體穩(wěn)定表達細胞系的實驗?zāi)康模覀兪紫葮?gòu)建了慢病毒表達載體pBPLV-rMOR-eGFP,包裝獲得慢病毒,對PC12細胞進行感染,感染72h后細胞生長狀態(tài)良好。用二脒基苯基吲哚(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)對此細胞核進行染色后,在熒光顯微鏡下可觀察90%的PC12細胞有增強型綠色熒光蛋白(enhanced fluorescent protein,eGFP)表達,熒光均勻分布于整個細胞中,表明含有rMOR的pBPLV-rMOR-eGFP慢病毒載體在PC12細胞中可以高效表達,提示此實驗方法可行。 在上述預(yù)實驗基礎(chǔ)上,我們應(yīng)用此方法對PC12細胞進行感染,在病毒感染3d后,采用流式細胞儀對高表達eGFP的PC12細胞進行分選(eGFP高表達的細胞占全部有熒光的細胞比例約為15.7%)。將分選得到的高表達eGFP細胞利用有限稀釋法(0.8個細胞/100μL)接種于96孔板,逐級擴大培養(yǎng)獲得在PC12細胞中穩(wěn)定表達rMOR的單克隆細胞系。 用RT-PCR對有熒光表達的PC12單克隆細胞系進行mRNA檢測,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)感染后有熒光表達的PC12細胞在1.2kd附近有明顯條帶,這與rMOR基因理論分子量(1198bp)的位置相同,表明rMOR有表達,而未感染病毒的PC12細胞未見此特異性條帶出現(xiàn)。從而在mRNA水平證明了rMOR在PC12細胞中的表達。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用阿片受體放射性配體[3H]-二丙諾啡為工具,采用放射配體受體結(jié)合實驗技術(shù)從擴大培養(yǎng)獲得的34株表達eGFP的PC12單克隆細胞系中成功篩選出了15株μ阿片受體表達水平較高的細胞系。進一步選定第12號克隆進行進一步研究工作。利用飽和實驗對rMOR親合力和表達水平進行研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)rMOR與[3H]-二丙諾啡結(jié)合的Kd值為0.51±0.07nM,與文獻報道相似,Bmax為1.58±0.15pmol/mg (n=3)。 那么,在此表達系統(tǒng)中表達的rMOR是否具有細胞信號傳遞功能呢?為了回答此問題,我們用10μM嗎啡分別對PC12細胞和PC12-rMOR細胞進行10min刺激,采用蛋白免疫印跡的方法檢測p-ERK與ERK的比值,以確定嗎啡對rMOR的激活情況,以此檢測PC12細胞中表達的rMOR激活后對細胞信號的傳遞功能。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與PC12細胞相比,PC12-rMOR細胞的ERK磷酸化水平顯著升高(P0.001,n=3)。上述結(jié)果表明在PC12細胞中表達的rMOR蛋白具有與野生型μ阿片受體相同的生物學(xué)特征。 2、胍丁胺在PC12-rMOR細胞上抗嗎啡依賴和嗎啡耐受形成的作用 表達有阿片受體的細胞系經(jīng)嗎啡慢性處理后,在納洛酮催促下會出現(xiàn)cAMP顯著升高,稱此為cAMP超射。被學(xué)界公認為阿片依賴的細胞生物學(xué)指標。在本實驗中,用嗎啡(1~100μM)慢性處理PC12-rMOR細胞24小時后,納洛酮(10μM)催促15min可顯著引起胞內(nèi)cAMP濃度升高。與未經(jīng)嗎啡處理的對照組相比,20μM的嗎啡可引起胞內(nèi)cAMP含量升高255±25.2%(p 0.01,n=5),而同樣的方式處理未表達rMOR的PC12細胞時,對細胞內(nèi)cAMP含量無影響。胍丁胺(10~100μM)伴隨嗎啡(20μM)慢性慢性處理后,胍丁胺(10μM~100μM)能夠濃度依賴性抑制納洛酮(10μM)催促引起的cAMP超射,胍丁胺濃度為100μM時能夠?qū)AMP超射水平抑制65.2%,與嗎啡處理組相比具有顯著性差異(p 0.01, n=5)。 大量文獻報道,嗎啡耐受的形成與嗎啡長期作用于機體導(dǎo)致中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)神經(jīng)元發(fā)生凋亡有關(guān)。而本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胍丁胺對阿片耐受具有拮抗作用,其作用機制尚不十分清楚。因此,我們在PC12-rMOR細胞上采用CCK-8細胞活力檢測技術(shù)評價嗎啡和胍丁胺慢性處理96小時后對活細胞數(shù)量的影響以及胍丁胺是否能抑制嗎啡對活細胞數(shù)量的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),嗎啡(160μM~2.5mM)能濃度依賴性減少活細胞的數(shù)量,當(dāng)嗎啡濃度達640μM時對減少活細胞數(shù)量的減少與鹽水對照比較具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(p 0.05,n=3)。當(dāng)嗎啡濃度達到750μM時對PC12-rMOR活細胞數(shù)量減少作用具有顯著性差異(p 0.01,n=3),當(dāng)達到mM水平細胞出現(xiàn)死亡。胍丁胺(2.5μM~160μM)能濃度依賴性促進活細胞數(shù)量的增加,當(dāng)胍丁胺濃度達2.5μM時與鹽水對照比較具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(p 0.05,n=3),160μM具有顯著性差異(p 0.01,n=3),濃度達到640μM時其效應(yīng)消失,但未檢測到對細胞的毒性。在此細胞模型上,用不同濃度胍丁胺(2.5μM~160μM)與750μM嗎啡共同處理PC12-rMOR細胞96小時,胍丁胺2.5μM就能顯著地抑制嗎啡對細胞增殖的阻礙作用,隨著濃度增加,抑制效應(yīng)也隨之加強,當(dāng)胍丁胺濃度達160μM時能顯著地抑制嗎啡對活細胞數(shù)量減少作用(p 0.01,n=3)。 3、胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能的可能分子機制 在上述細胞模型上利用蛋白免疫印跡方法研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1)分別用20μM嗎啡和100μM胍丁胺慢性處理PC12-rMOR細胞72小時均能顯著激活p-ERK(p 0.01,n=3),胍丁胺伴隨嗎啡預(yù)處理PC12-rMOR細胞72小時后與單純嗎啡處理組相比,p-ERK不但沒進一步加強,反而呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢;2)20μM嗎啡慢性處理PC12-rMOR細胞72小時后,,CREB和p-CREB顯著下降(p 0.01,n=3),100μM胍丁胺處理使PC12-rMOR細胞72小時使CREB和p-CREB顯著升高,胍丁胺伴隨嗎啡處理能顯著抑制嗎啡所致的CREB和p-CREB降低(p 0.05,n=3);3)20μM嗎啡慢性處理72小時后IκB水平顯著升高,100μM胍丁胺處理72小時后IκB顯著降低(p 0.05,n=3),胍丁胺伴隨嗎啡給藥能顯著抑制嗎啡慢性作用引起的IκB升高(p 0.01,n=3);20μM嗎啡慢性處理72小時后NF-κB表達水平顯著降低(p 0.05,n=3),100μM胍丁胺處理72小時NF-κB水平顯著升高(p 0.05,n=3),胍丁胺伴隨嗎啡處理能顯著拮抗嗎啡引起的NF-κB降低(p 0.05,n=3)。 研究結(jié)論: 1.成功實現(xiàn)了rMOR在PC12細胞中的穩(wěn)定表達,并具有與野生型μ阿片受體相同的受體功能特征,為體外研究胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能的分子機制提供了理想的研究模型; 2.胍丁胺(10μM~100μM)在PC12-rMOR細胞模型上能濃度依賴性抑制慢性嗎啡處理、納洛酮催促引起的cAMP超射,即在該細胞模型上胍丁胺能較好地抑制嗎啡依賴的形成; 3.胍丁胺在PC12-rMOR細胞模型上能濃度依賴性抑制嗎啡慢性處理所致細胞凋亡,可能是其拮抗嗎啡耐受形成的機制之一; 4.胍丁胺調(diào)節(jié)阿片功能分子機制可能與抑制嗎啡所致p-ERK升高和拮抗CREB、p-CREB、NF-κB的降低有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In this paper , we have found that the mechanism of I1R ' s molecular biological mechanism has not been clarified yet , and there is a lack of ideal drug targets and medical biological intervention methods . It is very important to study the mechanism of I1R to modulate opioid addiction .
In this study , we observed the inhibitory effect of guanidinamine on chronic morphine treatment and the inhibition of morphine - induced cell proliferation .
1 . Establishment of a stable expression cell line of PC12 cells - rMOR
In order to achieve the experimental purpose of establishing a PC12 cell - 渭opioid receptor stable expression cell line , we first constructed the slow virus expression vector pBPLV - rMOR - eGFP , which was used to obtain the lentivirus , which was infected with PC12 cells . After 72 hours of infection , the cells grew well . The fluorescence microscope showed that 90 % of PC12 cells were expressed with enhanced fluorescent protein ( eGFP ) , and the fluorescence was distributed homogeneously throughout the cell , suggesting that the pBPLV - rMOR - eGFP vector containing rMOR could be expressed efficiently in PC12 cells , suggesting that the experimental method is feasible .
The PC12 cells were infected by this method . After 3 days of viral infection , the PC12 cells expressing eGFP were sorted by flow cytometry ( the percentage of cells with high expression of eGFP was about 15.7 % ) . The highly expressed eGFP cells obtained were seeded on 96 well plates by a finite dilution method ( 0.8 cells / 100 渭L ) , and the monoclonal cell line stably expressing rMOR in PC12 cells was obtained by step - by - step expansion .
The expression of rMOR in PC12 cells was demonstrated by using radioligand receptor binding assay . The results showed that the Kd value of rMOR was 0.51 鹵 0.07 nM , similar to that reported in the literature , and Bmax was 1 . 58 鹵 0 . 15 pmol / mg ( n = 3 ) .
In order to answer this question , we stimulated PC12 cells and PC12 - rMOR cells with 10 渭M morphine for 10 min . The ratio of p - ERK and ERK was detected by Western blot to determine the activation of rMOR in PC12 cells . The results showed that the ERK phosphorylation level of PC12 cells increased significantly compared with PC12 cells ( P0.001 , n = 3 ) . The above results indicate that the rMOR protein expressed in PC12 cells has the same biological characteristics as the wild - type 渭 opioid receptor .
Effects of guanamine on morphine dependence and morphine tolerance formation in PC12 - rMOR cells
In this experiment , the concentration - dependent inhibition of naloxone ( 10 - 100 渭M ) in PC12 cells treated with morphine ( 1 - 100 渭M ) increased 255 鹵 25 . 2 % ( p 0.01 , n = 5 ) .
It is found that morphine ( 160 渭M ~ 2.5 mM ) can reduce the number of viable cells after 96 hours of chronic treatment with morphine and guanamine . The results show that morphine ( 160 渭M ~ 2.5 mM ) can reduce the number of viable cells in a dose - dependent manner . There was significant difference in the number of viable cells ( p 0.01 , n = 3 ) in PC12 - rMOR cells when the concentration of morphine reached 750 渭M , and when the concentration of guanamine was 2.5 渭M , the effect of morphine on cell proliferation was significantly different ( p 0.01 , n = 3 ) .
3 . Possible molecular mechanisms of the regulation of opioid function by guanamine
It was found that : 1 ) p - ERK ( p 0.01 , n = 3 ) was significantly activated in PC12 - rMOR cells treated with 20 渭M morphine and 100 渭 M guanamine for 72 hours .
2 ) After 72 hours of treatment of PC12 - rMOR cells with 20 渭M morphine , CREB and p - CREB significantly decreased ( p 0.01 , n = 3 ) , and 100 渭M guanamine treatment resulted in a significant increase of CREB and p - CREB in PC12 - rMOR cells 72 hours , while the concomitant morphine treatment significantly inhibited the decrease in CREB and p - CREB induced by morphine ( p 0.05 , n = 3 ) ;
3 ) The level of I魏B was significantly increased after 72 h treatment with 20 渭M morphine , and the level of I魏B was significantly decreased ( p 0.05 , n = 3 ) after 72 h treatment with 100 渭g of guanamine , and the increase of I魏B ( p 0.01 , n = 3 ) induced by morphine was significantly inhibited by the administration of guanamine with morphine .
The level of NF - 魏B was significantly decreased ( p 0.05 , n = 3 ) and the level of NF - 魏B was significantly increased ( p 0.05 , n = 3 ) after 72 h treatment with 20 渭M morphine ( p 0.05 , n = 3 ) .
Conclusions of the study :
1 . The stable expression of rMOR in PC12 cells was successfully achieved , and the same receptor functional characteristics as wild type 渭 opioid receptors were found .
2 . Guanitidine ( 10 渭M ~ 100 渭M ) inhibited the formation of morphine dependence on PC12 - rMOR cell model with a concentration - dependent inhibition of chronic morphine treatment , naloxone - induced cAMP overshot , that is , guanidinamine in the cell model .
3 . The concentration - dependent inhibition of guanamine on PC12 - rMOR cell model can inhibit the cell apoptosis induced by chronic morphine treatment , which may be one of the mechanisms to inhibit the formation of morphine tolerance ;
4 . The mechanism of regulating opioid receptors by guanamine may be related to the inhibition of morphine - induced increase in p - ERK and antagonism of CREB , p - CREB , NF - 魏B .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R965
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