【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)普通話的語(yǔ)調(diào)可以表達(dá)語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)義,傳遞情感。正確的語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)是人類言語(yǔ)過(guò)程中不可或缺的部分。語(yǔ)調(diào)異常是聽(tīng)障兒童普遍存在的言語(yǔ)障礙之一,影響聽(tīng)障兒童溝通交流的順暢和有效性。因此,對(duì)聽(tīng)障兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)異常進(jìn)行干預(yù)非常重要。而國(guó)內(nèi)外已有的研究中,對(duì)聽(tīng)障兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)研究集中在聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知方面,較少語(yǔ)調(diào)發(fā)音特征的研究,臨床上語(yǔ)調(diào)異常的干預(yù)研究更是缺乏。因此,本文對(duì)4-5歲健聽(tīng)兒童30名和聽(tīng)障兒童30名進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)調(diào)特征的研究。旨在通過(guò)主觀評(píng)估和聲學(xué)特征的研究,從不同范疇考察聽(tīng)障兒童陳述與疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)的主要特點(diǎn),進(jìn)而提出有針對(duì)性的語(yǔ)調(diào)異常干預(yù)策略。 首先,通過(guò)主觀評(píng)估考察本研究所取30名聽(tīng)障兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)異常的發(fā)生率和特點(diǎn),其中有28名有語(yǔ)調(diào)異常的情況,占總?cè)藬?shù)的93.33%,產(chǎn)生異常的原因主要有疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)不充分和語(yǔ)句中聲調(diào)“畸變”。聽(tīng)障兒童陳述語(yǔ)調(diào)的主觀評(píng)估得分與健聽(tīng)兒童相比無(wú)顯著性差異,疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)主觀評(píng)估得分與健聽(tīng)兒童相比有顯著性差異。 其次,通過(guò)聽(tīng)障兒童與健聽(tīng)兒童比較研究,考察聽(tīng)障兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)句音高的聲學(xué)特征：聽(tīng)障兒童在陳述語(yǔ)調(diào)上差異總體表現(xiàn)為語(yǔ)句基頻斜率值偏小,即陳述語(yǔ)調(diào)音高下傾趨勢(shì)過(guò)多；在疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)上,語(yǔ)句基頻平均值和基頻斜率值均小于健聽(tīng)兒童,即疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)音高上揚(yáng)趨勢(shì)和抬高的水平都不足。 第三,兩類兒童在通過(guò)邊界調(diào)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)時(shí),總體上都通過(guò)提高邊界調(diào)起點(diǎn)基頻值、終點(diǎn)基頻值、基頻平均值和基頻斜率值與陳述語(yǔ)調(diào)相區(qū)分。但聽(tīng)障兒童與健聽(tīng)兒童相比,陳述語(yǔ)調(diào)下：聽(tīng)障兒童一聲邊界調(diào)基頻斜率值偏低即音高下傾趨勢(shì)過(guò)多,四聲邊界調(diào)起點(diǎn)基頻值,終點(diǎn)基頻值及基頻平均值都偏低即降低趨勢(shì)過(guò)多；疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)調(diào)下：聽(tīng)障兒童一、二、三邊界調(diào)基頻斜率值偏小,即音高上揚(yáng)趨勢(shì)不足。一、四邊界調(diào)起點(diǎn)基頻值、終點(diǎn)基頻值及基頻平均值都偏低即音高水平抬高不夠。 第四、在聽(tīng)障兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)特征研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了語(yǔ)調(diào)異常的干預(yù)策略,包括基礎(chǔ)性干預(yù)策略和針對(duì)性干預(yù)策略。此外,通過(guò)對(duì)一例三聲調(diào)“畸變”而導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)調(diào)異常的聽(tīng)障兒童進(jìn)行干預(yù),從而驗(yàn)證了干預(yù)策略的有效性。
[Abstract]:The intonation of Chinese Putonghua can express mood and semantics and convey emotion. Correct intonation is an indispensable part of human speech. Abnormal intonation is one of the common speech disorders in hearing-impaired children, which affects the communication and communication of hearing-impaired children. Therefore, it is very important to interfere with the abnormal intonation of children with hearing impairment. However, the research on the intonation of children with hearing impairment focuses on auditory perception, less on the pronunciation characteristics of intonation, and on the intervention of abnormal intonation in clinic. Therefore, the intonation characteristics of 30 children with hearing impairment and 30 children with hearing impairment were studied. Through the study of subjective assessment and acoustic characteristics, this paper investigates the main characteristics of children with hearing impairment in terms of their statements and interrogative intonation in different categories, and then puts forward targeted intervention strategies for abnormal intonation. First of all, the incidence and characteristics of 30 hearing-impaired children with abnormal intonation were investigated by subjective assessment. Among them, 28 had abnormal intonation, accounting for 93.33% of the total. The main reasons for the abnormal tone are inadequate expression of interrogative mood and distortion of tone in sentences. There was no significant difference in subjective assessment scores between children with hearing impairment and those in children with hearing impairment, but there was significant difference in subjective assessment scores of interrogative intonation between children with hearing impairment and children with hearing impairment. Secondly, through a comparative study between children with hearing impairment and children with hearing impairment, the acoustic characteristics of the pitch of intonation sentences of children with hearing impairment were investigated. The differences in the statement intonation of children with hearing impairment showed that the slope of the basic frequency of statements was small. That is to say, the intonation of intonation tends to fall too much; In interrogative intonation, the average of sentence base frequency and the slope of basic frequency are lower than those of the children, that is to say, the rising trend and the rising level of the pitch of interrogative intonation are insufficient. Thirdly, when expressing interrogative intonation through the boundary tone, the two groups of children are distinguished from the declarative intonation by increasing the threshold frequency, the terminal fundamental frequency, the fundamental average frequency and the fundamental slope value of the boundary tone. But compared with the hearing-impaired children, the children with hearing impairment had a tendency to lower the base frequency slope of one sound boundary modulation, and to adjust the starting fundamental frequency value of the four-tone boundary, compared with those of the hearing impaired children, under the condition of statement and intonation: the slope value of the base frequency was lower than that of the hearing impaired children. The base frequency and the average value of the end point are too low, that is to say, the trend is too low. Under interrogative intonation: the slope of the first, second, and third boundaries of children with hearing impairment is small, that is, the rising trend of pitch is insufficient. The first and fourth boundary modulation threshold fundamental frequency, the end base frequency and the fundamental frequency average are all low, that is, the pitch level elevation is not enough. Fourthly, on the basis of the research on the intonation characteristics of children with hearing impairment, the paper puts forward the intervention strategies of abnormal intonation, including basic intervention strategies and targeted intervention strategies. In addition, the effectiveness of the intervention strategy was verified by the intervention of a child with abnormal intonation caused by a three-tone "distortion".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R764

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