發(fā)布時間：2018-03-04 21:32

  本文選題：心音　切入點：心音產(chǎn)生模型　出處：《南京郵電大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：心音是指在心動周期中,由于心臟肌肉的收縮和舒張,心臟瓣膜的開啟與關閉,血流沖擊心室內壁和動脈血管等因素引起的一系列機械振動,經(jīng)過體表組織傳到胸壁表面的音頻信號。心音信號蘊含了心臟內部結構與發(fā)聲過程的關系,心音的特征與心臟內部形狀特征也存在著一定的內在聯(lián)系。因此,研究心音產(chǎn)生模型的主要目的是通過對心音產(chǎn)生模型的研究,提出一種能夠體現(xiàn)心音產(chǎn)生過程的模型,有助于進一步理解心音產(chǎn)生機理;將心音模型應用在對異常心音的研究中,為診斷異常心音并對其進行病理分析提供了可靠的理論基礎。本文提出了一種基于級聯(lián)無損聲管的心音產(chǎn)生模型,并將心音產(chǎn)生模型應用于分類識別和異常心音分析領域。首先,從聲學角度出發(fā),結合行波理論,提出了一種基于級聯(lián)無損聲管的心音產(chǎn)生模型,它包含S1級聯(lián)無損聲管模型和S2級聯(lián)無損聲管模型。將心室及動脈血管抽象為一系列長度相同,內半徑不等的多級聲管,通過控制聲管內半徑的大小去模擬一個心動周期中心房、心室以及動脈血管的舒張與收縮狀態(tài),并以共振峰頻率作為目標參數(shù)來仿真心音的產(chǎn)生過程。該模型具有以下三個特征:第一,心音是一種聲學信號,本文從聲學角度出發(fā),以共振峰頻率作為模型的目標參數(shù)直接體現(xiàn)心音的聲學特性;第二,將心臟內部的心室和動脈血管抽象為長度相等,內半徑不等的多級聲管,將心音產(chǎn)生模型與心臟內部的形狀及尺寸特征聯(lián)系起來,凸顯了心音產(chǎn)生模型與心音產(chǎn)生機理之間的聯(lián)系,對于探索心音產(chǎn)生原理具有積極的作用;第三,模型參數(shù)為9級內半徑{Rm}(m取1,2,3...,9),模型簡單直觀,模型參數(shù)易于控制,目標參數(shù)為S1和S2的共振峰頻率,具有維度低、物理意義明確等特點。其次,利用該心音產(chǎn)生模型對異常心音進行了仿真,對比異常心音與正常心音的模型參數(shù),對異常心音進行病理分析,分析結果與臨床醫(yī)學的表現(xiàn)基本一致。最后,基于共振峰理論,提出了以S1和S2共振峰頻率作為特征的心音分類識別方法。該特征能夠很好的表征心音的能量分布特征,將其作為心音的一種識別特征具有較高的識別率。本文提出的心音產(chǎn)生模型不僅可以模擬正常心音,而且可以模擬異常心音,仿真結果表明,該模型對于從聲學角度了解心音的產(chǎn)生過程,探尋異常心音的病理原因,拓展心音信號的應用范圍,具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Cardiac sound is a series of mechanical vibration caused by the contraction and relaxation of heart muscle, the opening and closing of heart valve, and the impact of blood flow on the inner wall of ventricle and artery during the cardiac cycle. The audio signal transmitted through the surface of the body surface to the surface of the chest wall. The heart sound signal contains the relationship between the internal structure of the heart and the sound process, and the characteristics of the heart sound and the internal shape of the heart are also related to each other. The main purpose of the study of heart sound production model is to put forward a kind of model which can reflect the process of heart sound production through the study of heart sound production model, which is helpful to further understand the mechanism of heart sound production. The application of heart sound model in the study of abnormal heart sound provides a reliable theoretical basis for diagnosing abnormal heart sound and analyzing it pathologically. In this paper, a heart sound production model based on cascaded lossless sound tubes is proposed. The heart sound production model is applied to classification recognition and abnormal heart sound analysis. Firstly, a heart sound generation model based on cascaded lossless acoustic tubes is proposed from the acoustic point of view and combined with traveling wave theory. It consists of S1 cascade lossless acoustic tube model and S2 cascade lossless sound tube model. The ventricular and arterial vessels are abstracted into a series of multistage acoustic tubes of the same length and varying inner radius. By controlling the radius of the acoustic tube to simulate the relaxation and contraction of the central atrium, ventricle, and arterial vessels in a cardiac cycle, The model has the following three characteristics: first, the heart sound is an acoustic signal. The resonance peak frequency is taken as the target parameter of the model to directly reflect the acoustic characteristics of the heart sound. Secondly, the ventricular and arterial vessels inside the heart are abstracted into multistage acoustic tubes with equal length and different internal radii. The relationship between the heart sound production model and the shape and size characteristics of the heart is highlighted, which plays an active role in the exploration of the heart sound production principle. Third, the relationship between the heart sound production model and the heart sound generation mechanism is highlighted. The model parameter {RM} / m is 1 / 2 / 3..0.The model is simple and intuitive, the model parameter is easy to control, the target parameter is the resonance peak frequency of S _ 1 and S _ 2, the dimension is low, the physical meaning is clear and so on. The abnormal heart sound is simulated by using the model, and the model parameters of abnormal heart sound and normal heart sound are compared, and the pathological analysis of abnormal heart sound is carried out. The results are basically consistent with the clinical medical performance. Finally, based on the theory of resonance peak, A method of heart sound recognition based on S _ 1 and S _ 2 resonance peak frequency is proposed, which can well represent the energy distribution of heart sound. The model proposed in this paper can not only simulate normal heart sounds, but also can simulate abnormal heart sounds. The model has positive significance for understanding the process of producing heart sound from the angle of acoustics, exploring the pathological cause of abnormal heart sound, and expanding the range of application of heart sound signal.
【學位授予單位】：南京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R540.4;TN911.7

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