【摘要】： 目的 以控制學相關理論為指導,研究并解決流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量控制與系統(tǒng)評價問題,完善流行病學監(jiān)測的理論體系。具體目的有三:一是探索流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)應該具有的特性;二是探索流行病學監(jiān)測的質(zhì)量控制措施;三是探索流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)評價的體制、機制以及內(nèi)容與指標。 方法 本研究采用邏輯學中的演繹推理、歸納推理、類比推理的方法。主要采用演繹推理,部分推理過程采用歸納推理,少數(shù)推理過程采用類比推理。 結果 ①流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有且應該具有如下24種特性:重要性、必要性、目的性、整體性、組織性、計劃性、長期性、連續(xù)性、多元性、結構層次性、相關性、靈活性、動態(tài)平衡性、生產(chǎn)性、實用性、可控性、代表性、可行性、時效性、準確性、簡明性、經(jīng)濟性、強制性、反饋性。 ②從系統(tǒng)全過程中可能存在的問題入手,針對性的提出27種系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量控制措施:法制控制、制度控制、需求性控制、目的性控制、程序化控制、組織控制、簡明性控制、合理性控制、可行性控制、經(jīng)濟性控制、配套設施控制、信息化控制、資源整合控制、監(jiān)測事件的重要性必要性控制、代表性控制、計劃性控制、采樣控制、時效控制、抽查控制、層次控制、傳遞控制、采集檢測環(huán)境控制、人員控制、工具控制、技術控制、反饋控制、應用控制。 ③流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的評價是一項復雜的系統(tǒng)工程,評價體系應包括:評價體制、評價內(nèi)容與指標、評價機制三方面內(nèi)容。對流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)實施評價應從系統(tǒng)合理性、系統(tǒng)運行環(huán)境、系統(tǒng)全過程、系統(tǒng)結果四個方面入手,并形成一套規(guī)范的評價流程和完善的評價制度,從而確保系統(tǒng)評價工作的有效性。 結論 ①流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有諸多特性。這些特性,既是流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)建立、運行過程中必須遵守的原則,又是系統(tǒng)評價過程中所要評價的具體內(nèi)容,也是系統(tǒng)完善過程中所要達到的目標。 ②流行病學監(jiān)測信息的“可偽性”可以來自系統(tǒng)建立、運行、評價、完善過程的各環(huán)節(jié)、各階段。因此,系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量控制也應從這些可能導致信息質(zhì)量問題的環(huán)節(jié)入手,針對性地實施控制,并貫穿系統(tǒng)建立、運行、評價、完善的全過程,從而達到優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)運行環(huán)境、完善系統(tǒng)過程、提高信息質(zhì)量的目的。 ③流行病學監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的評價,對于及時發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)運行過程中存在的問題、不斷地完善系統(tǒng)具有非常重要的作用。形成一套較為完善的系統(tǒng)評價體系對于系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展具有非常重要的意義。評價體系應當包括評價體制、評價內(nèi)容與指標、評價機制三方面內(nèi)容。其中,評價體制解決評價工作的組織、實施由誰做的問題,評價內(nèi)容與評價指標解決評價工作做什么的問題,評價機制解決評價工作如何做的問題。
[Abstract]:Objective to study and solve the problems of quality control and system evaluation of epidemiological surveillance system under the guidance of relevant theories of control, and to perfect the theoretical system of epidemiological monitoring. There are three specific purposes: first, to explore the characteristics of epidemiological surveillance system; second, to explore the quality control measures of epidemiological monitoring; third, to explore the system, mechanism, contents and indicators of epidemiological monitoring system evaluation. Methods in this study, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning were adopted in logic. Deductive reasoning is mainly used, inductive reasoning is used in part reasoning process and analogy reasoning is used in a few reasoning processes. Results (1) Epidemiological surveillance systems have and should have the following 24 characteristics: importance, necessity, purpose, integrity, organization, planning, long-term, continuity, plurality, structural hierarchy and relevance. Flexibility, dynamic balance, productivity, practicality, controllability, representativeness, feasibility, timeliness, accuracy, simplicity, economy, compulsion, feedback. 2 from the possible problems in the whole process of the system, 27 kinds of system quality control measures are put forward: legal system control, demand control, purpose control, program control, organization control, conciseness control. Rationality control, feasibility control, economic control, supporting facility control, information control, resource integration control, necessity control of importance of monitoring events, representational control, planning control, sampling control, time-limit control, Spot check control, hierarchical control, transfer control, collection and detection environment control, personnel control, tool control, technical control, feedback control, application control. 3 the evaluation of epidemiological surveillance system is a complex system engineering. The evaluation system should include three aspects: evaluation system, evaluation content and index, evaluation mechanism. The evaluation of epidemiological monitoring system should start from four aspects: system rationality, system operating environment, system whole process, system result, and form a set of standard evaluation flow and perfect evaluation system. So as to ensure the effectiveness of the system evaluation. Conclusion 1 Epidemiological surveillance system has many characteristics. These characteristics are not only the principles to be observed in the establishment and operation of the epidemiological surveillance system, but also the concrete contents of the evaluation in the course of the system evaluation, and the goal to be achieved in the process of system perfection. 2 the "falsity" of epidemiological surveillance information can come from every link and stage of system establishment, operation, evaluation and improvement. Therefore, the quality control of the system should start with the links that may lead to the information quality problems, and carry out the control pertinently, and run through the whole process of establishing, running, evaluating and perfecting the system, so as to optimize the operating environment of the system. Perfect the system process, improve the purpose of information quality. 3 the evaluation of epidemiological monitoring system plays an important role in discovering the problems existing in the operation of the system in time and continuously perfecting the system. It is very important for the development of the system to form a set of perfect system evaluation system. The evaluation system should include three aspects: evaluation system, evaluation content and index, evaluation mechanism. Among them, the evaluation system solves the organization of evaluation work, the implementation of the problem by who, the evaluation content and evaluation index to solve the problem of what evaluation work does, and the evaluation mechanism to solve the problem of how to do evaluation work.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R181.3

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