【摘要】：外來植物對草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的入侵會導(dǎo)致草地生物多樣性降低、植被生產(chǎn)力下降、生態(tài)環(huán)境日趨惡化等嚴(yán)重后果,要想有效防治草地入侵植物,深入了解其生理生態(tài)特性十分關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)國內(nèi)外利用刈割這一常規(guī)管理方法控制草地入侵植物的現(xiàn)狀,對草地入侵植物響應(yīng)枝葉去除處理的模式與機(jī)理相關(guān)研究展開綜述,并得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)草地入侵植物傾向于利用補(bǔ)償性光合作用模式保證和提高其光合作用能力;(2)通過快速的莖葉再生機(jī)制來補(bǔ)償光合器官和地上生物量的損失;(3)改變土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)使其更有利于入侵植物的生長;(4)入侵植物利用高效和多樣化的資源分配策略促進(jìn)再生;(5)入侵植物將更多能量優(yōu)先分配到繁殖器官以維持種群穩(wěn)定;(6)草地入侵植物在不同發(fā)育階段對枝葉去除的耐受性差異較大。并且,本研究對刈割控制草地入侵植物的優(yōu)勢與不足進(jìn)行了簡要分析,并提出了三點防治草地入侵植物的具體建議。此外,建議在今后的相關(guān)研究中,研究者應(yīng)重點考慮草地入侵植物響應(yīng)枝葉去除的分子機(jī)理,以及放牧草地入侵植物對全球變化的響應(yīng)機(jī)制,以鞏固與拓展科學(xué)高效防治草地入侵植物的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The invasion of grassland ecosystem by exotic plants will lead to the decrease of grassland biodiversity, the decrease of vegetation productivity, the worsening of ecological environment, and so on. It is very important to deeply understand its physiological and ecological characteristics. According to the current situation of controlling grassland invasive plants by using the conventional management method of cutting at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the research on the pattern and mechanism of the response of grassland invasive plants to the removal of branches and leaves. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) grassland invasive plants tend to use compensatory photosynthesis model to guarantee and improve their photosynthesis ability; (2) to compensate for the loss of photosynthetic organs and aboveground biomass through rapid stem and leaf regeneration mechanism. (3) changing the structure of soil microbial community to make it more favorable to the growth of invasive plants; (4) using efficient and diversified resource allocation strategies to promote regeneration of invasive plants; (5) assigning more energy to reproductive organs in order to improve the growth of invasive plants. (6) the tolerance of invasive plants to the removal of branches and leaves in different development stages was different. In addition, this study briefly analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of cutting and controlling grassland invasive plants, and put forward three specific suggestions for controlling grassland invasive plants. In addition, it is suggested that in future studies, researchers should focus on the molecular mechanism of grassland invasive plants responding to the removal of branches and leaves, as well as the response mechanism of grazing grassland invasive plants to global changes. In order to consolidate and expand the scientific and efficient control of grassland invasive plants theoretical basis.
【作者單位】： 河南科技大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院;
【基金】：NSFC-河南人才培養(yǎng)聯(lián)合基金(U1304306) 中國科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(XDA05050400) 河南科技大學(xué)學(xué)科提升振興A計劃項目(13660001)資助
【分類號】：S812.6
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本文編號：2208301