本文選題：生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 農(nóng)牧一體化　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報》2017年09期

【摘要】：為了解農(nóng)牧一體化下"玉米田養(yǎng)鵝"生產(chǎn)模式的土壤溫度影響機制,通過對比試驗方法進行田間試驗,結果表明:玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理雜草群落平均密度為171.33株/m~2,是對照密度(11.11株/m~2)的15.42倍,處理間差異極顯著(P0.01;n=9),該處理下雜草Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)為1.76,Simpson多樣性指數(shù)為0.77,均高于對照;玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理的地上生物量為386.30g/m~2,是對照(5.67g/m~2)的68.13倍,處理間差異極顯著(P0.01;n=9),同時玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理的蓋度為90.56%,是對照(7.22%)的12.54倍,處理間差異極顯著(P0.01;n=9)。在白天土壤溫度的變化過程中,玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理較高的地上生物量和豐富的地表植被使得田間地下生物生理代謝活動旺盛,土壤呼吸作用增強,土壤CO2呼吸通量增加,高達308.64 mg/(m~2·h),顯著高于對照的234.90mg/(m~2·h)(P0.05;n=9)。因此,在試驗期間白天光照不足,地表接受光照輻射有限的情況下,生物代謝活動產(chǎn)生的熱量是影響土壤溫度的主導因素,白天的土壤溫度高于對照。在夜間土壤溫度的變化中,玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理5~15cm的土壤含水量為16.14%,顯著高于對照1.27%(P0.05;n=9),水的良好導熱能力促進了土壤的散熱,使得玉米田養(yǎng)鵝處理表層土壤夜間散熱較快,以致夜間該處理下的土壤溫度低于對照。因此,在"玉米田養(yǎng)鵝"模式生產(chǎn)過程的前期,生物代謝活動和土壤含水量是影響土壤溫度變化的主要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the influence mechanism of soil temperature on the production pattern of "corn field and goose" under the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, the field experiment was carried out by contrast test method. The results showed that the average density of weed community was 171.33 plants / m ~ (2) in maize field, 15.42 times of that of the control (11.11 / m ~ (2), and the difference between treatments was very significant (P 0.01). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of weed under this treatment was 1.76% and 0.77, respectively, which was higher than that of the control. The aboveground biomass of the treatment was 386.30g / mm2, which was 68.13 times of that of the control (5.67g / mm2), and the difference between the treatments was very significant (P 0.01n ~ (9), and the coverage of the geese in corn field was 90.56g / m ~ (2), which was 12.54 times of that of the control (~ 7.22g), and the difference between the treatments was extremely significant (P _ (0.01) n ~ (9). During the daytime soil temperature variation, the higher aboveground biomass and abundant surface vegetation in maize field resulted in the exuberant activities of underground biophysiological metabolism, the enhancement of soil respiration, and the increase of soil CO2 respiration flux. As high as 308.64 mg/(m~2, it was significantly higher than that of the control 234.90mg/(m~2 (P0. 05). Therefore, under the condition of insufficient light during the day and limited exposure to light on the surface during the experiment period, the heat produced by biological metabolic activities is the dominant factor affecting soil temperature, and the soil temperature during the day is higher than that of the control. In the change of soil temperature at night, the soil water content of 5~15cm in maize field was 16.14, which was significantly higher than that of control 1.27, P0.05 and 9%. The good thermal conductivity of water promoted the heat dissipation of soil, which made the surface soil heat dissipate faster at night. The temperature of the soil under the treatment at night was lower than that of the control. Therefore, in the early stage of the production process of "maize field and geese" model, biological metabolism and soil water content are the main factors affecting the soil temperature change.
【作者單位】： 西藏農(nóng)牧學院高原生態(tài)研究所;"農(nóng)牧一體化"農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)試驗站(林芝);西藏農(nóng)牧學院植物科學學院;北京林業(yè)大學林學院;
【基金】：國家自然基金資助項目(31660552,41464054) 西藏科技廳項目“林芝地區(qū)庭院農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用與蕨麻產(chǎn)品開發(fā)” 西藏大學農(nóng)牧學院青年拔尖人才支持計劃資助項目(2015D0601)
【分類號】：S152.8;S513;S835

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