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  本文選題：不同放牧強度 + 降雨模擬�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：克魯倫河流域草原地處呼倫貝爾草原的核心區(qū)，是呼倫貝爾草原的重要的組成部分，在保護我國北方鳥類遷徙、繁衍以及植被環(huán)境生態(tài)安全方面起到了不可忽視的作用。近年來草地水土流失日益嚴(yán)重，生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化顯著，而降雨和放牧強度作為草地水土流失的主要原因備受學(xué)者關(guān)注。本文以克魯倫河流域國內(nèi)部分為研究區(qū)域，通過對不同放牧強度草場開展降雨模擬實驗及野外觀測試驗，對試驗區(qū)內(nèi)的土壤及營養(yǎng)元素流失狀況進行測試。利用野外觀測及室內(nèi)測試數(shù)據(jù)，對降雨、營養(yǎng)元素流失、土壤流失進行分析探討。 研究結(jié)果表明： 克魯倫河流域三種放牧強度草場產(chǎn)流過程均是先增加后達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，降雨徑流量隨放牧強度的增加而逐漸減少，，同種放牧草場下，坡度的增加與降雨徑流的增加呈明顯的線性正相關(guān)，徑流量總體顯示為：重度放牧＞輕度放牧＞不放牧（heavy grazing＞light grazing＞No grazing），三種放牧強度草場徑流系數(shù)體規(guī)律顯示為重度放牧＞輕度放牧＞不放牧。產(chǎn)流后徑流中的泥沙含量及營養(yǎng)元素含量隨時間的增加而逐漸降低并達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，相同放牧強度草場在三種雨強下的土壤流失及營養(yǎng)元素流失狀況為65mm/h＞45mm/h＞20mm/h，三種放牧制度草場的徑流量和徑流中泥沙含量及營養(yǎng)元素含量符合二項式相關(guān)。三種放牧草場的土壤前期含水率顯示為表層均維持在0.1g/cm3，但下層相差較大。三種放牧草場最淺入滲深度為10cm，最深為15cm，土壤水分增加量隨土層深度的增加而逐漸減小。三種放牧草場在20mm/h的雨強下土壤水分累計增加量最大，均高于45mm/h、65mm/h，不放牧草場的土壤水分累計增加量均大于其它草場。
[Abstract]:Located in the core area of Hulunbeir grassland, Cruren River Basin is an important part of Hulunbeir grassland, which plays an important role in protecting bird migration, reproduction and ecological security of vegetation in northern China.In recent years, soil and water loss of grassland has become more and more serious, and ecological environment has deteriorated significantly. Rainfall and grazing intensity are the main causes of soil and water loss in grassland.In this paper, based on the study area of the Cruren River basin, rainfall simulation experiments and field observation tests were carried out on grassland with different grazing intensities to test the soil and nutrient loss in the experimental area.Based on field observation and indoor test data, rainfall, nutrient loss and soil loss were analyzed and discussed.The results show that:The runoff production process of three grazing intensities in Crohn River basin increased first and then reached a stable state, and the rainfall runoff decreased gradually with the increase of grazing intensity, and under the same grazing pasture, the rainfall runoff decreased gradually with the increase of grazing intensity.The increase of slope has a significant linear positive correlation with the increase of rainfall runoff.The total runoff showed as follows: heavy grazing > light grazing > heavy grazing > light grazing > no grazing. The rules of runoff coefficient of three grazing intensities showed heavy grazing > light grazing > no grazing.The sediment content and nutrient element content in runoff gradually decreased with the increase of time and reached a stable state.The soil loss and nutrient loss of the same grazing intensity grassland under three rainfall intensities were 65mm/h > 45mm/h > 20mm / h, and the runoff and sediment content and nutrient element content in runoff of the three grazing systems were in accordance with binomial correlation.The soil moisture content in the early stage of the three grazing pastures was maintained at 0.1g / cm ~ (-3), but there was a big difference in the lower layer.The shallowest infiltration depth of the three grazing pastures was 10 cm and the deepest infiltration depth was 15 cm. The increase of soil moisture gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth.The accumulative increase of soil moisture in the three grazing pastures was the largest under 20mm/h rain intensity, which was higher than 45mm / h or 65mm / h, and the accumulative increase of soil moisture in the ungrazed pasture was higher than that in other pastures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.2

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