本文選題：嚙齒動(dòng)物　切入點(diǎn)：群落多樣性　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：嚙齒動(dòng)物因其分布范圍廣、對(duì)環(huán)境變化敏感以及研究采樣方法簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn)一直以來(lái)都是生態(tài)學(xué)家們的研究的熱點(diǎn)對(duì)象之一。自然環(huán)境中的一些資源以及放牧和人類干擾對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存起到限制性作用,限制性資源的分布與豐富度通常會(huì)影響動(dòng)物對(duì)生境中定居點(diǎn)的選擇。本研究地點(diǎn)位于內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市新巴爾虎左旗大針茅草原,于2013-2016年每年的5月、7月、9月(春、夏、秋)在連續(xù)放牧、過(guò)度放牧、按月輪牧、季節(jié)輪牧4種不同放牧方式以及對(duì)照區(qū)禁牧方式下進(jìn)行嚙齒動(dòng)物群落調(diào)查,應(yīng)用標(biāo)志重捕法對(duì)嚙齒動(dòng)物數(shù)量進(jìn)行調(diào)查。統(tǒng)計(jì)種群數(shù)量、物種數(shù)并計(jì)算群落香農(nóng)維納指數(shù)、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)等生態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用Spss19.0對(duì)其各生態(tài)學(xué)指數(shù)季節(jié)差異、不同放牧方式間差異以及物種間相關(guān)關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:1.草原黃鼠(Citellusdahuricus)占比最大(46%)為該地區(qū)嚙齒動(dòng)物群落中主要優(yōu)勢(shì)鼠種,黑線倉(cāng)鼠(Cricetulusbarabensis 以次之,而黑線毛足鼠(Phodopussungorus)在禁牧數(shù)量極少,草原黃鼠數(shù)量在季節(jié)波動(dòng)中呈單峰型,在7月份(秋季)最高。2.在季節(jié)輪牧(6.33±1.86)和禁牧(5.67±1.76)處理下嚙齒動(dòng)物個(gè)體總數(shù)顯著低于其他處理,而且在季節(jié)輪牧中辛普森指數(shù)(0.28±0.07)、均勻度指數(shù)(0.80±0.87)、豐富度指數(shù)(0.90±0.06)在季節(jié)輪牧處理在春季中較低,嚙齒動(dòng)物危害爆發(fā)可能性最低而且針對(duì)性防治最容易。3.按月輪牧(11.33土 1.45)及過(guò)牧方式(9.33±0.88)中嚙齒動(dòng)物數(shù)量以及群落生態(tài)各個(gè)指標(biāo)最高,嚙齒動(dòng)物危害以及爆發(fā)幾率最高。4.群落多樣性較高的禁牧、過(guò)牧及連續(xù)放牧中負(fù)種間相關(guān)關(guān)系(5種)相對(duì)更多。綜上所述,季節(jié)輪牧方式對(duì)呼倫貝爾大針茅草原鼠害生態(tài)防治效果最為理想。
[Abstract]:Rodents are widely distributed, Sensitivity to environmental change and simplicity of sampling methods have long been one of the hot topics of ecologists. Some natural resources, as well as grazing and human disturbances, are limiting the survival of animals. The distribution and richness of restricted resources usually influence the choice of habitat settlements. This study was conducted on the Neo-Barhu left Banner grassland of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia, on May, July, September (Spring, Summer, 2013-2016). In autumn, rodent communities were investigated in four different grazing modes, including continuous grazing, overgrazing, monthly rotation, seasonal rotation and control grazing, and the number of rodents was investigated by means of marker recatch. The Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, diversity index, richness index and other ecological indexes were calculated. The seasonal differences of each ecological index were analyzed by Spss19.0. The results showed that: 1. Citrus dahuricus) was the main dominant rodent species in the rodent community, followed by Cricettus barabensis. But Phodopus sungorus) was rare in the forbidden grazing, and the number of rodents in the grassland showed a single peak in the seasonal fluctuation, and reached the highest in July (autumn). The total number of rodent individuals was significantly lower under the treatments of 6.33 鹵1.86 in seasonal rotation and 5.67 鹵1.76 in the forbidden grazing, and the total number of rodent individuals was significantly lower than that of the other treatments under the treatments of 6.33 鹵1.86 in seasonal rotation and 5.67 鹵1.76 in forbidden grazing. Moreover, the Simpson index (0.28 鹵0.07), evenness index (0.80 鹵0.87) and richness index (0.90 鹵0.06) in seasonal rotation grazing were lower in spring. The rodent number and community ecological indexes were the highest in rodent number and community ecological index among the rodent hazards outbreak probability and the most easily targeted prevention and cure. 3. The rodent number and community ecological index were the highest among the rodent rodents and the overgrazing mode (11.33 鹵1.45) and the overgrazing mode (9.33 鹵0.88). The rodent harm and outbreak probability is highest. 4. 5 species of negative interspecific correlation in overgrazing and continuous grazing are more than those in forbidden grazing with high community diversity. The effect of seasonal rotation grazing on ecological control of rodent damage in Hulunbeir was the most ideal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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