本文關鍵詞： 水通道蛋白 雙峰駝 肺 免疫組化　出處：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：眾所周知,水分乃生命體的重要構成,系生命體存活的基本條件,是生命體最依賴的代謝資源。而長期生活在干旱、沙漠化以及極其缺水的惡劣環(huán)境中的雙峰駝,卻展現(xiàn)出極佳的環(huán)境適應性,研究表明,在長期的進化過程中,雙峰駝形成了許多不同于其它動物的生理特性,且正因這些獨特的生理特性,給予其對沙漠化缺水環(huán)境的超強適應力,在這些獨特生理特性中,其中呼吸系統(tǒng)中的水分代謝、表面活性物質分泌以及干冷氣體加溫、加濕等生理過程對其生存適應尤為重要。目的：研究雙峰駝呼吸道形態(tài)學特征以及水通道蛋白(AQPs)在其肺中的表達情況,探討雙峰駝適應極干旱荒漠環(huán)境的呼吸生理機制,以便為更深入地探討雙峰駝為何能如此好的適應極干旱缺水的極惡劣環(huán)境,提供相關的呼吸生理代謝機制的形態(tài)學和分子生物學基礎資料。方法：利用常規(guī)形態(tài)學統(tǒng)計方法、掃描電子顯微鏡和石蠟切片HE染色法對雙峰駝呼吸道上皮組織形態(tài)結構進行統(tǒng)計與分析,利用免疫組化對雙峰駝肺組織中AQPs的表達情況進行定位分析以及運用IPP軟件對AQPs表達量進行半定量分析。結果：形態(tài)學統(tǒng)計表明,雙峰駝鼻腔長度較長且多褶皺,鼻腔粘膜富含微血管和腺體細胞,氣管長且彎曲,呈大S型,相比于黃牛,肺較致密且含水量高。免疫組化檢測顯示,在雙峰駝呼吸道上皮細胞中有六種水通道蛋白(AQP)表達。其中,AQP1主要表達于呼吸道毛細血管網(wǎng)、淋巴管、胸膜臟層的間皮細胞以及氣管上皮細胞頂膜面；AQP3存在于呼吸道上皮表層與腺體的基底細胞膜上；AQP4分布于整個呼吸道上皮杯狀細胞基底側細胞膜和鼻腔粘膜腺體細胞頂膜面；AQP5表達于呼吸道粘膜下腺腺體細胞管腔面和Ⅰ型肺泡上皮細胞膜上；AQP8主要表達于支氣管粘膜下腺腺體細胞基底層細胞膜上；AQP9則位于呼吸道上皮細胞。同時IPP軟件半定量分析結果表明,雙峰駝肺中各種AQP表達情況為SAQP4SAQP5SAQP9SAQP8SAQP1SAQP3,IODAQP4IODAQP5IODAQP8 IODAQP9IODAQP1IODAQP3.結論：呼吸道組織形態(tài)學特征證明雙峰駝對干旱沙漠環(huán)境的適應性,AQPs在雙峰駝呼吸道上皮細胞的強烈表達,與嗅覺敏感性、氣道潤化、氣道水平衡、新生血管形成、氣道表面液體層、氣道反應性以及肺內(nèi)液體轉運等有關,AQPs在雙峰駝呼吸道上皮中的高度表達,為其適應極干旱荒漠環(huán)境提供了蛋白水平依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As we all know, water is an important component of life, a basic condition for its survival, and a metabolic resource on which it is most dependent. The Bactrian camel, which has lived for a long time in harsh environments of drought, desertification and extreme water scarcity, But showing excellent environmental adaptation, studies have shown that over the course of long evolution, Bactrian camels have developed many physiological characteristics different from those of other animals, and because of these unique physiological characteristics, In these unique physiological characteristics, including water metabolism in the respiratory system, the secretion of surface active substances and the warming of dry and cold gases, Humidification and other physiological processes are particularly important for their survival and adaptation. Objective: to study the respiratory morphological characteristics and the expression of aquaporin aquaporin in the lungs of Bactrian Camels, and to explore the respiratory physiological mechanism of Bactrian camel adapting to extremely arid desert environment. In order to further study why Bactrian camel can adapt to the extremely harsh environment of extreme drought and water shortage, and provide the basic information of morphology and molecular biology about the mechanism of respiratory physiological metabolism. Methods: using conventional morphological statistical method, The morphology and structure of respiratory epithelium of Bactrian camel were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and paraffin section HE staining. The expression of AQPs in the lung tissue of bactrian camel was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the expression of AQPs was semi-quantitatively analyzed by IPP software. Results: morphological statistics showed that the length of nasal cavity of Bactrian camel was long and pleated. The nasal mucosa is rich in microvascular and glandular cells. The trachea is long and curved. Compared with cattle, the lungs are denser and have higher water content. Six aquaporins (aquaporins) are expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of Bactrian camel. The mesothelial cells of pleural layer and the apical membrane of tracheal epithelial cells AQP3 exist on the basal cell membrane of respiratory epithelial surface and gland. AQP4 is distributed in the basal cell membrane of the whole respiratory epithelium goblet cell and the fine gland of nasal cavity mucosa of the whole respiratory epithelium goblet cell. AQP5 was expressed on the submucosal glandular cells of respiratory tract and on the membrane of type I alveolar epithelium. AQP9 was mainly expressed on the basal cell membrane of glandular cells in submucous membrane of the bronchus, whereas AQP9 was located in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. The results of semi-quantitative analysis by IPP software show that, The expression of SAQP4SAQP5SAQP9SAQP8SAQP1SAQP3ODAQP4IODAQP5IODAQP8 IODAQP9IODAQP1IODAQP3 in the lungs of bactrian camels was found to be strongly expressed in the respiratory epithelium of Bactrian camel. Conclusion: the morphological features of respiratory tract tissue indicate the adaptability of bactrian camel to arid desert environment and its strong expression, olfactory sensitivity, airway moisturization. Airway water balance, neovascularization, airway surface liquid layer, airway reactivity and lung fluid transport are related to the high expression of AQPs in respiratory epithelium of Bactrian Camel, which provides a basis for protein level in adapting to extremely arid desert environment.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S824;Q78

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本文編號：1545309