【摘要】：輔助生殖技術(shù)(assisted reproductive technology,ART)是世界上近20年、我國(guó)近10多年發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門多學(xué)科交叉的新領(lǐng)域。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的開辟和發(fā)展不僅為人類探索生殖奧妙、實(shí)現(xiàn)生殖的自我調(diào)控、促進(jìn)生殖科技的進(jìn)步提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論與物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),更重要的是為全世界不孕不育夫婦帶來(lái)了生育希望,使諸多不孕家庭有了他們自己的孩子。輔助生殖技術(shù)從最初的人工受精發(fā)展到目前幾乎家喻戶曉的試管嬰兒即體外受精-胚胎移植(In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer,IVF-ET)、卵母細(xì)胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射(Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,ICSI)、植入前遺傳學(xué)診斷(Preimplantation Genetic Diagnoses,PGD)及其衍生技術(shù):胚胎冷凍、生殖細(xì)胞冷凍、多胎減胎術(shù)等,使人類受益匪淺。但因通過(guò)輔助生殖技術(shù)得到的受孕率只有30～50%,遠(yuǎn)不能滿足不孕癥病人的需要。因此,提高受孕率便成了國(guó)內(nèi)外生殖醫(yī)學(xué)臨床醫(yī)生與實(shí)驗(yàn)室胚胎學(xué)家共同努力的方向。影響受孕率的因素很多,其中胚胎培養(yǎng)環(huán)境是很關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室是輔助生殖技術(shù)孕育早期胚胎的主要場(chǎng)所,應(yīng)該無(wú)菌、無(wú)毒、無(wú)污染,因?yàn)槭芫押驮缙谂咛?duì)微環(huán)境的變化十分敏感。為了創(chuàng)造理想的培養(yǎng)環(huán)境,近年來(lái)國(guó)外開展輔助生殖技術(shù)較早的國(guó)家推出了一系列嚴(yán)格的管理制度并實(shí)施了有效的實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制方法來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)培養(yǎng)環(huán)境;冷凍精液已成為人類長(zhǎng)期保存精子的最好方法,現(xiàn)代輔助生殖助孕中的很多技術(shù)需要用凍精使卵子受精,但冷凍復(fù)溫后的精子存活率及受精能力均較新鮮精液低,在一定程度上影響了臨床受孕率。如何使長(zhǎng)期保存的精子質(zhì)
[Abstract]:Assisted reproductive technology (assisted reproductive technology,ART) is a new multi-disciplinary field which has been developed for nearly 20 years and more than 10 years in China. The opening and development of this field not only provides a solid theoretical and material basis for human beings to explore the mystery of reproduction, realize the self-regulation of reproduction, and promote the progress of reproductive science and technology. What's more, it brings hope to infertile couples all over the world, so that many infertile families have their own children. Assisted reproduction technology has developed from initial artificial insemination to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer,IVF-ET), oocyte intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,ICSI), which is now almost a household name. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnoses,PGD) and its derived techniques, such as embryo freezing, germ cell freezing, multiple embryo reduction, and so on, have greatly benefited human beings. But because the fertility rate obtained by assisted reproductive technology is only 30%, it is far from meeting the needs of infertile patients. Therefore, increasing pregnancy rate has become the direction of clinical and laboratory embryologists in reproductive medicine at home and abroad. There are many factors affecting the pregnancy rate, and the embryo culture environment is a key link. The laboratory is the main place for assisted reproductive technology to breed early embryos. It should be sterile, non-toxic and pollution-free, because fertilized eggs and early embryos are sensitive to changes in microenvironment. In order to create an ideal culture environment, in recent years, foreign countries that developed assisted reproductive technology have introduced a series of strict management systems and implemented effective laboratory quality control methods to monitor the culture environment. Frozen semen has become the best way to preserve sperm for a long time. Many of the modern assisted reproductive techniques need to fertilize the egg with frozen sperm, but the survival rate and fertilization ability of frozen and reheated sperm are lower than that of fresh semen. To some extent, it affects the clinical pregnancy rate. How to make long-term preserved spermatozoa
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：R321-33

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