【摘要】：作為美國(guó)統(tǒng)治意識(shí)形態(tài)的一部分,黑人婦女的負(fù)面形象長(zhǎng)期存在于以白人父權(quán)主義為主的美國(guó)主流文化中。對(duì)黑人婦女形象的刻意“惡化”不僅使得對(duì)黑人婦女的各種壓迫合法化,而且嚴(yán)重阻礙了黑人婦女自我意識(shí)的發(fā)展。此外,對(duì)黑人婦女形象的刻意惡化還使得黑人婦女的精神面貌和生活狀況長(zhǎng)期得不到真實(shí)的反映和足夠的社會(huì)關(guān)注,處于邊緣化地位。因此,重塑黑人女性形象成為美國(guó)黑人女作家創(chuàng)作的重要主題之一。 美國(guó)著名黑人女劇作家洛林·漢斯貝里創(chuàng)作的戲劇《陽光下的葡萄干》就是這樣一部反映黑人婦女真實(shí)面貌的作品。該劇于1959年在百老匯首演后獲得巨大成功。與當(dāng)時(shí)黑人文學(xué)流行的“抗議小說”傳統(tǒng)相反,《陽光下的葡萄干》努力呈現(xiàn)黑人人民樂觀,積極的生活態(tài)度。此外,值得一提的是劇作家本人的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷對(duì)該劇的創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了巨大影響,并由此被廣泛認(rèn)為是漢斯貝里的半自傳形式的作品。這使得作家對(duì)劇中人物有更好的把握,對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)和場(chǎng)景有更細(xì)致的描寫,這些都無疑增添了作品的真實(shí)性和研究?jī)r(jià)值。 筆者認(rèn)為作為美國(guó)六十年代最著名的黑人女性劇作家,洛林·漢斯貝里的作品中不可避免地表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的黑人女性主義意識(shí)�！蛾柟庀碌钠咸迅伞诽魬�(zhàn)了黑人婦女在文學(xué)中的負(fù)面形象以及社會(huì)對(duì)黑人婦女的偏見,成功塑造了使人耳目一新的黑人婦女形象,使得劇中的女性角色格外引人注目。本文試圖通過分析劇中的三位女性角色,提出本劇挑戰(zhàn)了黑人婦女的舊形象,打破了壓迫黑人婦女的統(tǒng)治邏輯,這也是黑人女作家寫作的重要主題。此外,筆者還認(rèn)為與同時(shí)代的黑人女作家相比,洛林·漢斯貝里并沒有像她們那樣著重描寫或塑造某一位英雄式的黑人女性,她從黑人女性的獨(dú)特角度觀察黑人女性的日常生活,并揭示了在六十年代美國(guó)大規(guī)模民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)前夕初現(xiàn)端倪的黑人女性的自我意識(shí)、民族意識(shí)和女性意識(shí)的不斷增強(qiáng)。劇中的三位女性屬于三個(gè)不同年代,分別代表了黑人母親、妻子和女幾的形象。作家塑造的這三位性格迥異的黑人婦女,打破了在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上黑人婦女或卑賤化,或英雄化這種非此即彼的“二元對(duì)立”的形象,展現(xiàn)了勞動(dòng)階層黑人婦女的真實(shí)生活狀態(tài),重塑黑人婦女真實(shí)豐滿的形象,成功描寫了黑人女性的復(fù)雜性,多樣性和差異性。
[Abstract]:As a part of American ruling ideology, the negative image of black women has long existed in the mainstream American culture dominated by white patriarchy. The "deterioration" of black women's image not only legitimizes all kinds of oppression against black women, but also seriously hinders the development of black women's self-consciousness. In addition, the deterioration of the image of black women makes the spiritual outlook and living conditions of black women lack real reflection and sufficient social attention for a long time, and they are marginalized. Therefore, reconstructing the image of black women has become one of the important themes of American black women writers. Lorraine Hans Berry, a famous American black woman playwright, is a work that reflects the true appearance of black women. The play was a great success after it premiered on Broadway in 1959. Contrary to the popular tradition of "protest novels" in black literature at that time, raisins in the Sun strive to present the optimistic and positive attitude of the black people. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the personal experience of the playwright has a great influence on the creation of the play, and is widely regarded as a semi-autobiographical form of Hans Berry. This makes the writer have a better grasp of the characters, more detailed description of the details and scenes, which undoubtedly increase the authenticity and research value of the work. I believe that as the most famous black female playwright in the 1960s, Lorraine Hans Berry's works inevitably show a strong black feminist consciousness. Raisins in the Sun challenge the negative image of black women in literature and social prejudice against black women. The successful creation of a refreshing black woman image, making the female role in the play particularly noticeable. By analyzing the three female characters in the play, this paper proposes that the play challenges the old image of black women and breaks the ruling logic of oppressing black women, which is also an important theme in the writing of black women writers. In addition, the author believes that Lorraine Hans Berry does not focus on depicting or portraying a certain heroic black woman in comparison with contemporary black women writers. She observed the daily life of black women from the unique perspective of black women, and revealed the growing self-consciousness, national consciousness and female consciousness of black women who appeared on the eve of the outbreak of the large-scale civil rights movement in the United States in the 1960s. The three women in the play belong to three different ages, representing the images of black mother, wife and female. The three black women of different personalities created by the writers broke the image of black women in the history of American literature as "dualistic opposites" of either one or the other, and showed the real living conditions of black women in the working class. Reconstructing the true and full image of black women successfully describes the complexity, diversity and difference of black women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I712.073

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本文編號(hào)：2288424