論《小城畸人》中的自然主義因子
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-13 09:13
【摘要】：舍伍德安德森（Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941）是美國文學(xué)史上重要的小說家。其代表作是出版于1919年的《小城畸人》，初譯為《俄亥俄州的瓦恩斯堡鎮(zhèn)》，因其獨特的敘事技巧、寫作風(fēng)格、大膽的主題等而深受讀者的喜愛和學(xué)者的青睞。 本文以法國自然主義文學(xué)大師愛彌爾左拉（1840-1902）自然主義理論中的“真實感”為依據(jù)，旨在研究《小城畸人》這部作品中的自然主義因子。首先，仔細(xì)閱讀，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)“真實感”包含“客觀真實”和“心理真實”這兩個層面，它們在這部作品中得到很好的體現(xiàn)。安德森不僅真實記錄下處于從農(nóng)業(yè)社會向工業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)型期間的美國中西部小城居民生活所發(fā)生的微妙變化外，而且他還把筆觸伸到人物的心理層面，，勾勒出一群小城“畸人”形象。第二，小說中自然環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境的詳盡描述和在這一環(huán)境下人物畸形外表的細(xì)微刻畫，印證“真實感”的第一層面：“客觀真實”。第三，通過對作品中主要人物的畸形的心理的忠實描述，印證“真實感”的第二層面：“心理真實”。最后，指出擺脫這種畸形心理的關(guān)鍵在于：相互理解和交流、理解愛的本質(zhì)、走出小城。 通過對《小城畸人》內(nèi)容的仔細(xì)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)這部作品中包含諸多自然主義因子，其心理真實層面的描述遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于客觀真實層面的描述。據(jù)此可以看出安德森更加注重對人物心理的探求，尤其是處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型期間小城居民心理所遭受的壓抑和扭曲，所以才創(chuàng)作出美國文學(xué)史上獨特的“畸人”群體。這一方面體現(xiàn)出安德森對已逝的美好田園生活的懷念和對造成小城居民身心畸形的工業(yè)化和機械化的強烈譴責(zé)，另一方面也體現(xiàn)出作為自然主義作家的安德森的高度的社會責(zé)任感。 盡管用不同文學(xué)批評理論對《小城畸人》的解讀從未停止過，但用左拉的文學(xué)自然主義理論對其進行較為詳盡地解讀尚無人觸及。希望這是一個有益的嘗試，能夠推進全方位地解讀該部作品。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941 is an important novelist in the history of American literature. His masterpiece was published in 1919, translated as Waxburg, Ohio. It is popular with readers and scholars because of its unique narrative skills, writing style, bold themes and so on. This paper is based on the naturalism theory of Emile Zola (1840-1902) in French naturalist literature, and aims to study the naturalistic factors in the novel "the Terror of the small Town". First of all, after careful reading, we can find that "reality" includes "objective reality" and "psychological truth", which are well embodied in this work. Anderson not only truly records the subtle changes that have taken place in the lives of small Midwestern townspeople during the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, but he also extends his strokes to the psychological level of the characters. Outline the image of a group of small towns. Secondly, the detailed description of the natural environment and social environment in the novel and the detailed depiction of the deformed appearance of the characters in this environment confirm the first level of the "sense of reality": "objective reality". Thirdly, through the faithful description of the abnormal psychology of the main characters in the works, the second level of "the sense of reality" is confirmed: "the psychological truth". Finally, it is pointed out that the key to get rid of this abnormal psychology lies in mutual understanding and communication, understanding the essence of love, and walking out of the town. Through a careful analysis of the contents of the novel, it is found that there are many naturalistic factors in this novel, and the description of the psychological reality is far more than that of the objective reality. Based on this, we can see that Anderson pays more attention to the exploration of characters' psychology, especially the depression and distortion of the psychology of the residents of small towns during the period of social transformation, so he creates a unique group of "abnormal people" in the history of American literature. This, on the one hand, reflects Anderson's nostalgia for the beautiful pastoral life that has passed away and his strong condemnation of the industrialization and mechanization of the physical and mental malformations of the inhabitants of the small town. On the other hand, it also reflects Anderson's high sense of social responsibility as a naturalist writer. Although different literary criticism theories have never stopped the interpretation of the book, Zola's theory of literary naturalism has not been touched upon in detail. I hope this is a useful attempt to promote the comprehensive interpretation of this work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074
本文編號：2240718
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941 is an important novelist in the history of American literature. His masterpiece was published in 1919, translated as Waxburg, Ohio. It is popular with readers and scholars because of its unique narrative skills, writing style, bold themes and so on. This paper is based on the naturalism theory of Emile Zola (1840-1902) in French naturalist literature, and aims to study the naturalistic factors in the novel "the Terror of the small Town". First of all, after careful reading, we can find that "reality" includes "objective reality" and "psychological truth", which are well embodied in this work. Anderson not only truly records the subtle changes that have taken place in the lives of small Midwestern townspeople during the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, but he also extends his strokes to the psychological level of the characters. Outline the image of a group of small towns. Secondly, the detailed description of the natural environment and social environment in the novel and the detailed depiction of the deformed appearance of the characters in this environment confirm the first level of the "sense of reality": "objective reality". Thirdly, through the faithful description of the abnormal psychology of the main characters in the works, the second level of "the sense of reality" is confirmed: "the psychological truth". Finally, it is pointed out that the key to get rid of this abnormal psychology lies in mutual understanding and communication, understanding the essence of love, and walking out of the town. Through a careful analysis of the contents of the novel, it is found that there are many naturalistic factors in this novel, and the description of the psychological reality is far more than that of the objective reality. Based on this, we can see that Anderson pays more attention to the exploration of characters' psychology, especially the depression and distortion of the psychology of the residents of small towns during the period of social transformation, so he creates a unique group of "abnormal people" in the history of American literature. This, on the one hand, reflects Anderson's nostalgia for the beautiful pastoral life that has passed away and his strong condemnation of the industrialization and mechanization of the physical and mental malformations of the inhabitants of the small town. On the other hand, it also reflects Anderson's high sense of social responsibility as a naturalist writer. Although different literary criticism theories have never stopped the interpretation of the book, Zola's theory of literary naturalism has not been touched upon in detail. I hope this is a useful attempt to promote the comprehensive interpretation of this work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074
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