從中島敦《李陵》看自我受難和自我救贖
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 15:26
【摘要】：中島敦（1909-1942）是日本現代文壇獨具特色的作家。雖然英年早逝，但是為后人留下了諸如《光風夢》、《狼疾記》、《變色龍日記》、《山月記》、《盈虛》、《牛人》、《弟子》、《名人傳》、《李陵》等傳世的杰作。縱觀中島敦的小說作品，不難發(fā)現中島敦對于人物的內心世界格外關注。“不安、孤獨”和“存在的不確定性”的質疑等形成了中島敦懷疑主義的悲觀哲學體系。而這種懷疑主義通過人物內心世界的描寫，貫穿于中島敦整個創(chuàng)作中。另一方面，中島敦也正是通過這些小說創(chuàng)作，堅持不懈地進行著自我探索和救贖。因為這樣的探索，我們從他的作品中可窺探他對人生觀的變化，可以說中島敦的所有作品其實是一部自我探索史。 《李陵》是取材于中國古代歷史的一部小說。作為中島敦的遺作，它在中島敦對于自我的探索和救贖方面已經達到相對成熟的階段。中島敦在《李陵》的人物造型方面可謂是費盡苦心。他并不是單純地把原典中的人物形象搬到了《李陵》中，而是在原典的基礎上對人物進行了再創(chuàng)造。本論文以此作為出發(fā)點，分析中島敦的選角意圖和創(chuàng)作意圖，最后對《李陵》的主題思想進行解讀和挖掘。 本論文由“序論”、“從原典比較看對人物自我受難的注重”、“選擇和創(chuàng)作自我受難型人物的原因”、“自我受難到自我救贖”、“結論”五部分組成。 “從原典比較看對人物自我受難的注重”部分，將分成兩部分分析中島敦對《李陵》人物形象的處理。第一部分聚焦于“李陵”這個人物形象，分析小說人物與史料中的異同。第二部分主要分析中島敦在“司馬遷”和“蘇武”這兩個人物上做的改編和創(chuàng)作。通過分析得知，中島敦對人物的心理描寫(尤其是人物的苦惱)部分創(chuàng)作的成分最多，而在情節(jié)上的改編也是為了讓后續(xù)的心理描寫顯得更為自然�？梢哉f，中島敦是有意識地在加深人物的苦惱，營造一個人物的自我受難（包括自我分裂、懷疑和自我否定等）的過程。 “選擇和創(chuàng)作自我受難型人物的原因”部分，將分成三部分，聯系中島敦自身的經歷和《李陵》的創(chuàng)作的關聯。結論是中島敦選擇李陵和司馬遷是由于他們身上的孤獨感、思鄉(xiāng)之情。司馬遷的《史記》創(chuàng)作讓中島敦產生了共鳴，，而中島敦對他們關注的原因則是把自身的不安和理想投影到了人物身上。 “自我受難到自我救贖”部分，分成兩部分分別分析了中島文學主題的變遷中表現的自我救贖及《李陵》中的自我救贖。前者主要分析中島文學從形而上學的懷疑主義（“世界是什么”“我是誰”等關于“存在的不確定性”的懷疑）到形而上學迷蒙的形而上學放棄（在形而上學的自我意識的迷蒙中放棄形而上學懷疑，即放棄主觀抽象的疑問，把目光轉向更為實際的生活細節(jié)）再到以行動主義對抗懷疑主義這樣變遷的一個過程中體現的自我救贖。后者則分析中島敦通過《李陵》三人所要表達的自我救贖，即通過有絕對價值支撐的行動主義達到的真正的自我救贖。 “結論”部分指出，中島敦通過對《李陵》人物的選擇和創(chuàng)作，不僅是要表達人物苦惱的多樣性和人物的自我受難的過程，最重要的是要通過對人物這些苦惱的描寫，讓讀者思考如何才能獲得真正的自我救贖。通過人物在面對無情命運時所采取的應對態(tài)度和心理變化的對比揭示出只有擁有絕對價值存在的行為主義才可以達到真正的自我救贖的主題。
[Abstract]:Nakajima Dun (1909-1942) is a unique writer in modern Japanese literary circles. Although he died young, he left behind masterpieces such as Dream of Light and Wind, Wolf Disease, Chameleon Diary, Mountain Moon, Yingxu, Niu Ren, Disciple, Celebrity Biography, Li Ling and so on. Nakajima Dun's skepticism is a pessimistic philosophical system formed by the questioning of "insecurity, loneliness" and "uncertainty of existence". It is self-exploration and redemption. Because of this exploration, we can see the change of his outlook on life in his works. It can be said that all of Nakajima Dun's works are actually a history of self-exploration.
"Li Ling" is a novel based on ancient Chinese history. As Nakajima Dun's legacy, it has reached a relatively mature stage in Nakajima Dun's self-exploration and redemption. Nakajima Dun has devoted much effort to the characterization of "Li Ling". He did not simply move the characters in the original book to "Li Ling". Instead, Nakajima Dun has moved them to "Li Ling". This paper takes this as a starting point to analyze Shimadun's intention of choosing roles and creating works, and finally interprets and excavates the theme of Li Ling.
This paper is composed of five parts: introduction, emphasis on self-suffering, reasons for choosing and creating self-suffering characters, self-suffering to self-redemption, and conclusion.
The first part focuses on the image of Li Ling and analyzes the similarities and differences between the characters in the novel and the historical materials. The second part mainly analyzes the two characters in Sima Qian and Su Wu. Nakajima Dun's psychological description (especially the character's distress) is the most important part of his creation, and the adaptation of the plot is to make the subsequent psychological description seem more natural. It can be said that Nakajima Dun consciously deepens the character's distress and creates a character's self. The process of suffering (including self division, doubt and self denial).
"The Reasons for Choosing and Creating Self-Suffering Characters" will be divided into three parts, which will relate to Nakajima Dun's own experience and the creation of "Li Ling". The conclusion is that Nakajima Dun chose Li Ling and Sima Qian because of their loneliness and homesickness. Sima Qian's creation of "Historical Records" resonates with Nakajima Dun, and Nakajima Dun resonates with him. The reason we are concerned is that we have projected our own uneasiness and ideals onto the characters.
The part from "self-suffering to self-redemption" is divided into two parts, which analyze the self-redemption in the change of the theme of Nakajima literature and the self-redemption in Li Ling respectively. The metaphysical abandonment of metaphysical obscurity (abandoning metaphysical suspicion in the obscurity of metaphysical self-consciousness, i.e. abandoning subjective and abstract questions and turning to more practical details of life) and the self-redemption embodied in the process of opposing such changes as skepticism with activism. The latter analyzes Shimaduton. The self-redemption they want to express is the real self-redemption achieved through activism supported by absolute value.
The conclusion points out that Nakajima Dun's choice and creation of the characters in Li Ling is not only to express the diversity of the characters'distress and the process of their self-suffering, but also, most importantly, to make the readers think about how to achieve real self-salvation through the description of the characters' distress. The contrast of coping attitudes and psychological changes reveals that only behaviorism with absolute value can achieve true self-redemption.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I313.074
本文編號：2234842
[Abstract]:Nakajima Dun (1909-1942) is a unique writer in modern Japanese literary circles. Although he died young, he left behind masterpieces such as Dream of Light and Wind, Wolf Disease, Chameleon Diary, Mountain Moon, Yingxu, Niu Ren, Disciple, Celebrity Biography, Li Ling and so on. Nakajima Dun's skepticism is a pessimistic philosophical system formed by the questioning of "insecurity, loneliness" and "uncertainty of existence". It is self-exploration and redemption. Because of this exploration, we can see the change of his outlook on life in his works. It can be said that all of Nakajima Dun's works are actually a history of self-exploration.
"Li Ling" is a novel based on ancient Chinese history. As Nakajima Dun's legacy, it has reached a relatively mature stage in Nakajima Dun's self-exploration and redemption. Nakajima Dun has devoted much effort to the characterization of "Li Ling". He did not simply move the characters in the original book to "Li Ling". Instead, Nakajima Dun has moved them to "Li Ling". This paper takes this as a starting point to analyze Shimadun's intention of choosing roles and creating works, and finally interprets and excavates the theme of Li Ling.
This paper is composed of five parts: introduction, emphasis on self-suffering, reasons for choosing and creating self-suffering characters, self-suffering to self-redemption, and conclusion.
The first part focuses on the image of Li Ling and analyzes the similarities and differences between the characters in the novel and the historical materials. The second part mainly analyzes the two characters in Sima Qian and Su Wu. Nakajima Dun's psychological description (especially the character's distress) is the most important part of his creation, and the adaptation of the plot is to make the subsequent psychological description seem more natural. It can be said that Nakajima Dun consciously deepens the character's distress and creates a character's self. The process of suffering (including self division, doubt and self denial).
"The Reasons for Choosing and Creating Self-Suffering Characters" will be divided into three parts, which will relate to Nakajima Dun's own experience and the creation of "Li Ling". The conclusion is that Nakajima Dun chose Li Ling and Sima Qian because of their loneliness and homesickness. Sima Qian's creation of "Historical Records" resonates with Nakajima Dun, and Nakajima Dun resonates with him. The reason we are concerned is that we have projected our own uneasiness and ideals onto the characters.
The part from "self-suffering to self-redemption" is divided into two parts, which analyze the self-redemption in the change of the theme of Nakajima literature and the self-redemption in Li Ling respectively. The metaphysical abandonment of metaphysical obscurity (abandoning metaphysical suspicion in the obscurity of metaphysical self-consciousness, i.e. abandoning subjective and abstract questions and turning to more practical details of life) and the self-redemption embodied in the process of opposing such changes as skepticism with activism. The latter analyzes Shimaduton. The self-redemption they want to express is the real self-redemption achieved through activism supported by absolute value.
The conclusion points out that Nakajima Dun's choice and creation of the characters in Li Ling is not only to express the diversity of the characters'distress and the process of their self-suffering, but also, most importantly, to make the readers think about how to achieve real self-salvation through the description of the characters' distress. The contrast of coping attitudes and psychological changes reveals that only behaviorism with absolute value can achieve true self-redemption.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I313.074
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