本文選題：E.L.多克托羅 + 歷史小說　； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文以E.L.多克托羅的四部歷史小說《歡迎來到艱難時代鎮(zhèn)》，《拉格泰姆》，《魚鷹湖》和《大進軍》為例，旨在揭示多克托羅歷史小說中隱含的去神話思想，論述多克托羅如何用解放性敘事來消解神話的宏大敘事。 本論文以羅蘭巴特的現(xiàn)代神話理論為理論基礎(chǔ)，提出神話是一種宏大敘事。神話是人類意圖和想象的產(chǎn)物，受人類心理、認知和政治等因素的影響以真理的面目呈現(xiàn)，但其本質(zhì)是虛假的。作為一位執(zhí)著的去神話斗士，多克托羅自他的第一部小說發(fā)表以來，一直在同各種神話做不懈的斗爭。他以戲仿、反諷、互文和復調(diào)為敘事策略，來對抗和消解神話的宏大敘事。他的歷史小說不僅是對長期深刻影響美國社會的多種神話的去神話改寫，同時也是對歷史作為事實真理神話的去神話改寫。 在《歡迎來到艱難時代鎮(zhèn)》中，多克托羅通過一個西部小鎮(zhèn)從衰到盛到徹底衰落的過程，完全顛覆了讀者對西部英雄和西部作為希望之地的信念。他以戲仿為敘事策略，將藝術(shù)現(xiàn)實中的西部與神話中的西部對照，通過兩者之間的差距顛覆了美國人盲目的種族完美意識，打破了美國人關(guān)于美國文明作為幸福和繁榮之源的信念。 在《拉格泰姆》中，多克托羅將一幅看似完美的美國社會圖景與少數(shù)群體被剝奪了平等與正義的現(xiàn)實相對。借助于反諷雖表面合作但意在顛覆的敘事策略，多克托羅從主流文化話語的內(nèi)部對其發(fā)起去神話攻擊，，從統(tǒng)治階級自身的視角出發(fā)對其虛偽和保守進行了揭露。 在《魚鷹湖》中，通過主人公由天真青年墮落為腐敗成人的成長歷程，多克托羅打破了美國人天性善良仁慈的神話。他利用互文的敘事策略，將主人公和馬克吐溫筆下的哈克費恩以及菲茨杰拉德筆下的蓋茨比兩個經(jīng)典文學形象并置，通過將主人公的命運和他們的命運進行對照，揭露美國社會中奪走年輕人天真和國家精神追求的邪惡力量。 在美國歷史上，南北雙方各自形成的關(guān)于謝爾曼將軍和大進軍的兩種截然相反的神話徹底暴露了神話的虛偽性本質(zhì)。在《大進軍》中，多克托羅采用巴赫金所提出的復調(diào)式敘事手法，以一種“歡快的相對性”瓦解了神話敘事的絕對性，從而使謝爾曼將軍回歸了人性，也使大進軍回歸了真實的歷史性。 多克托羅將他的幾部小說背景置于美國歷史上的重要歷史時期，既透過歷史背景對美國社會生活中的種種核心神話進行審視，也對歷史本身作為事實真理的神話提出了質(zhì)疑。多克托羅異常警惕敘事中潛在的束縛力量，但他同時也堅信敘事的解放力量。相對于所謂“真”的官方歷史文獻對歷史的壟斷，他以一種“假”文獻的創(chuàng)作形式來對抗“真”文獻的合法性。他的每一部歷史小說都以“假”文獻的形式呈現(xiàn)。從賬簿、日記到回憶錄等，每一部文獻都試圖從不同于官方的角度對歷史進行書寫。其結(jié)果是，歷史作為封閉的不容置疑的事實的神話地位被打破，歷史被降到了敘事的地位。 出于對民主和真理的追求，多克托羅顛覆了美國例外論中的多種核心神話以及歷史作為事實真理的神話。他的歷史小說復原了美國社會生活的復雜性和含混性，也為美國歷史提供了不同的解讀。
[Abstract]:This paper, with the four historical novels of E.L. more Ktoro, "welcome to the town of difficult times", "lagtam", "Fish Eagle Lake >" and "big marching" as an example, aims to reveal the hidden myth thought in Ktoro's historical novels, and discuss how Ktoro dispels the grand narrative of mythology with liberative narration.
This paper, based on the theory of Roland Bart's modern mythology, proposes that mythology is a grand narrative. Mythology is the product of human intentions and imagination. It is influenced by human psychological, cognitive and political factors as the face of truth, but its essence is false. Since the publication of the novel, the novel has been struggling with various myths. He uses parody, irony, intertextuality and polyphony as a narrative strategy to combat and dispel the grand narrative of mythology. His historical novel is not only a myth of a variety of myths that have long and profound influence on American society, but also a myth of history as a truth truth. Go to mythology to rewrite.
In the "welcome to the difficult times", the process of the decline of a western town from the decline to the full decline of a western town completely subverts readers' belief in the Western hero and the West as a place of hope. He uses parody as a narrative strategy to contrast the western art reality with the western mythology, and subvert the gap between the two. The Americans' blind sense of racial perfection has broken the American belief that American civilization is the source of happiness and prosperity.
In Lagrange, domoro has taken a seemingly perfect social picture of the United States and the minority to be deprived of the reality of equality and justice. With the aid of the narrative strategy of irony and subversion, which is intended to subvert, domoro has launched a mythological attack from the interior of the mainstream cultural discourse, from the perspective of the ruling class itself. It was exposed to its hypocrisy and conservatism.
In "Fish Eagle Lake", through the heroine's depravity from a young man to a corrupt adult, doxooo broke the myth of American goodness and kindness. By using intertextual narrative strategies, he juxtaposed the two classical literary images of Haq Finn and Fitzgerald, the master's and the Haq Finn and Fitzgerald, and through Fitzgerald. By comparing the fate of the protagonist and their fate, we expose the evil forces that have taken away the innocence of the young people and the pursuit of national spirit in American society.
In the history of the United States, the two opposite myths of both the north and the south about general Sherman and the Great Marches completely exposed the hypocrisy nature of mythology. In the grand marching, the polyphonic narrative that Bakhtin put forward by him, disintegrated the absolute nature of mythological narration with a "cheerful relativity". So that general Sherman returned to human nature and made the great march return to the real historical nature.
He placed several of his novels in an important historical period in the history of the United States, examining all the core myths of American social life through historical background, and questioning the myth of history itself as a factual truth. The Liberation Force of narration. Compared with the so-called "true" official historical documents, he fought the legitimacy of the "true" literature with a form of "false" literature. Each of his historical novels was presented in the form of "false" literature. From books, diary to recollection, every document tried to be different from the other. The official perspective of history is written. The result is that history is broken as a closed and undeniable fact, and history has been reduced to the status of narration.
Out of the pursuit of democracy and truth, he overturned a variety of core myths in American Exceptionalism and the myth of history as a factual truth. His historical novels restored the complexity and ambiguities of American social life and provided different interpretations for American history.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074

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