本文關(guān)鍵詞：華裔美國(guó)文學(xué)中“紙”的生態(tài)批評(píng)研究　出處：《長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：自十九世紀(jì)四五十年代，美國(guó)西海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金后，大批華人涌入美國(guó)，掀開了“金山客”的浪潮。然而，伴隨橫貫北美的內(nèi)華達(dá)鐵路竣工，以及西部開礦浪潮的退去，美國(guó)的排華政策把在美華工排斥在共享富裕的大門之外，并陸續(xù)頒布各項(xiàng)政策，以人為的方式貶低、限制、甚至扼制華人以及華人社會(huì)在美國(guó)的發(fā)展。由于美國(guó)禁止華人女性、華人配偶進(jìn)入美國(guó)，這無(wú)疑對(duì)華人勞工們?cè)斐闪藰O大的身心摧殘，在華人社區(qū)形成了華人“單身漢社會(huì)”。在歷史上，華人曾對(duì)美國(guó)西部的開發(fā)做出過(guò)卓越貢獻(xiàn)。在現(xiàn)代，華人的智慧與才干也在美國(guó)的各方面獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。但就是這樣一個(gè)群體，在美國(guó)歷史上卻受盡歧視，飽受磨難。生態(tài)批評(píng)作為一種全新的文學(xué)文化批評(píng)理論，將“世界”的概念拓展到了“整個(gè)生態(tài)圈”，以圍繞著人類文化與自然世界密切相關(guān)為基本前提，，把文學(xué)批評(píng)放在地球生態(tài)圈這一大語(yǔ)境下，以獨(dú)特的批評(píng)視角和對(duì)全人類生存前景的終極關(guān)懷而充滿生機(jī)和活力的新世紀(jì)文論界的一大學(xué)科。華裔美國(guó)文化中的“紙文化”現(xiàn)象作為華人歷史的一個(gè)重要組成部分，它的形成擺脫不了美國(guó)排華政策所帶來(lái)的生態(tài)危機(jī)。因此，在美國(guó)排華政策下，華人個(gè)人、家庭以及社會(huì)都遭遇嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)危機(jī)，使華人在西方主流文化中的刻板印象進(jìn)一步加深。 近些年來(lái)，隨著學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于美國(guó)華僑史研究進(jìn)一步地深入，在排華運(yùn)動(dòng)中受到苦難遭遇的華人生存壞境越來(lái)越受到相關(guān)專家和學(xué)者們的重視�！皢紊頋h社會(huì)”的形成和“紙文化”現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生以及新生代的文化身份困擾均與華裔在美國(guó)被歧視被排斥的歷史分不開。從生態(tài)批評(píng)的角度來(lái)解析美國(guó)華人在排華政策的影響下，所遭受的種種不平等，揭示出“紙文化”的出現(xiàn)正是不平衡的生態(tài)環(huán)境下所導(dǎo)致的一種迫不得已的“非自然”產(chǎn)物。運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評(píng)理論來(lái)剖析華裔美國(guó)歷史中排華政策給華人帶來(lái)的生態(tài)危機(jī)和“紙文化”現(xiàn)象對(duì)于華人的影響，以及運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評(píng)這一種全新的文學(xué)文化批評(píng)理論來(lái)剖析“紙”現(xiàn)象給在美華人們帶來(lái)得精神生態(tài)危機(jī)和社會(huì)生態(tài)危機(jī)，希望能呼吁人們關(guān)注自然生態(tài)和精神生態(tài)，回歸自然，強(qiáng)調(diào)各民族間和平共處的理念，從而引起全世界人民對(duì)于華裔們生活和精神的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Since nineteenth Century 40s and 50s, the west coast of the United States after the discovery of gold, a large number of Chinese immigrants, opened a "gimshunhook" wave. However, with the completion of the railway across the North American Nevada, and Western Mining tide receded, the exclusion of American policy to Chinese workers in the United States outside of the shared rich gate, and successively promulgated policies, to artificially lower limit, or even curb Chinese and Chinese social development in the United States. Because the United States banned Chinese women, Chinese spouse into the United States, this is undoubtedly the Chinese workers have caused great physical and mental violence, in the Chinese community formed a Chinese "bachelor society". In history, the Chinese had developed to the western United States made remarkable contributions. In modern times, the Chinese wisdom and talent in all aspects of American style. But it is such a group, but in the history of the United States Suffered discrimination, suffering. Ecological criticism as a new literary criticism, the concept of "world" will be expanded to the "whole ecosystem", to surround the human culture and the natural world are closely related as the basic premise, the literary criticism in the context of the earth's ecosystem, to criticism the unique and ultimate concern for human survival prospects and full of vigor and vitality of the new century literary circles of a university department. The Chinese American culture of "paper culture" phenomenon as an important part of Chinese history, the formation of ecological crisis caused by the United States can not get rid of the Chinese exclusion policy. Therefore, in the United States under the Chinese exclusion policy, individual, family and society are facing a serious ecological crisis, the Chinese in the western mainstream culture stereotype is further deepened.
In recent years, along with the academic circles for further research the history of overseas Chinese in the United States, is suffering the Chinese living environment more and more experts and scholars in the exclusion movement. The formation of "bachelor society" and "paper culture" phenomenon and the new generation of cultural identity and ethnic problems in the United States were discriminated against rejection are inseparable. From the perspective of eco criticism of Chinese American in influence the Chinese exclusion policy, suffered all kinds of inequalities, reveals the "paper culture" is the emergence of the unbalanced ecological environment caused by a compelling "unnatural" the product. Using eco criticism theory to analyze Chinese American history ranked China policy to bring Chinese ecological crisis and "paper culture" phenomenon in Chinese, and the use of ecological criticism of the new literature Cultural criticism theory to analyze the phenomenon of "paper" to bring people in the United States have the crisis of spiritual ecology and social ecology crisis, hoping to call attention to the natural ecology and spiritual ecology, return to nature, emphasizes the concept of peaceful coexistence between different ethnic groups, causing concern for the Chinese people around the world have life and spirit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I712.06

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