【摘要】：劉易斯·格拉西克·吉本(Lewis Grassic Gibbon,1901-1935)是蘇格蘭著名的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家,在蘇格蘭文學(xué)史上享有盛譽(yù)。《蘇格蘭人的書》是吉本完全以蘇格蘭為背景創(chuàng)作的三部曲。作品通過(guò)女主人公克麗斯一波三折的人生經(jīng)歷,描述了克麗斯從農(nóng)村到城鎮(zhèn)再到工業(yè)城市的生活經(jīng)歷和心路歷程,展示了蘇格蘭偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)到工業(yè)社會(huì)的歷史變遷。作品自出版以來(lái),在國(guó)內(nèi)外引起了廣泛關(guān)注。許多學(xué)者從語(yǔ)言特色、民族主義、女性主義以及歷史觀等視角對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究,而較少有學(xué)者關(guān)注作品中的沖突主題。沖突是劉易斯·科塞在《社會(huì)沖突的功能》一書中提出的核心概念。在他看來(lái),社會(huì)秩序的維持需要一定程度的共識(shí),當(dāng)這種共識(shí)的程度受到影響且被降低后,沖突就會(huì)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。在社會(huì)生活中,任何一種社會(huì)關(guān)系都存在顯性和隱形的沖突。本文從科塞的沖突視角出發(fā),并聯(lián)系二十世紀(jì)上半葉兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的時(shí)代背景,以此分析《蘇格蘭人的書》中的沖突主題。論文分別從個(gè)體、家庭和社會(huì)群體三個(gè)層面對(duì)文本中所體現(xiàn)的沖突主題進(jìn)行分析:看似前途一片光明的克麗斯為何會(huì)對(duì)自己產(chǎn)生懷疑?本應(yīng)親密無(wú)間的家庭成員之間為何心生嫌隙?個(gè)體與社會(huì)群體又是如何走向?qū)α?這三個(gè)問(wèn)題切中小說(shuō)沖突主題之肯綮以及各個(gè)層級(jí)之沖突的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)涵。論文導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果。第一章主要探討女主人公克麗斯的自我沖突�？他愃贡緫�(yīng)該有著美好的未來(lái),然而在特定的歷史語(yǔ)境下,她不僅面臨著內(nèi)心的意志與人性脆弱的沖突;而且她在追求共同的民族身份時(shí),其固有的蘇格蘭身份又時(shí)時(shí)給她造成困惑,二者形成沖突。這一內(nèi)在多層次的矛盾焦慮不僅反映了個(gè)人的信仰缺失,同時(shí)也折射出二十世紀(jì)初的社會(huì)問(wèn)題對(duì)個(gè)人造成的影響。第二章聚焦克麗斯與其家人的沖突。在社會(huì)變遷大背景下,家庭成員的關(guān)系及價(jià)值觀念發(fā)生了變化,這些變化主要表現(xiàn)在父輩與子輩以及夫妻之間。謹(jǐn)遵道德規(guī)范的克麗斯與違背道德倫理的父親格格不入;而成年后的克麗斯在三次失敗婚姻中與三任丈夫也展現(xiàn)出了不同的價(jià)值追求。在這種情況下,維系家庭和睦的家庭共識(shí)趨于消散,導(dǎo)致家庭內(nèi)部矛盾重重。家庭矛盾折射出二十世紀(jì)初蘇格蘭家庭內(nèi)部成員關(guān)系的變化,從而引發(fā)了人們對(duì)社會(huì)倫理的思考。第三章剖析了克麗斯與以地主、租客和罷工者為代表的社會(huì)群體的沖突。這些社會(huì)群體的部分成員在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期變得自私自利,逐漸迷失自我,他們?cè)g毀、驅(qū)趕、打壓同胞。作為已經(jīng)覺(jué)醒的理性個(gè)體,克麗斯在與他們相處的過(guò)程中沖突不斷。克麗斯與群體成員之間的矛盾沖突,充分表現(xiàn)了一些群體成員在這一過(guò)程中所展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的疏離感以及特定歷史語(yǔ)境下人情的淡漠。《蘇格蘭人的書》生動(dòng)地刻畫了不同層面的沖突,再現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期蘇格蘭社會(huì)的動(dòng)亂場(chǎng)面,揭示了二十世紀(jì)上半葉蘇格蘭固有的社會(huì)共識(shí)日漸瓦解的局面,表達(dá)了吉本對(duì)社會(huì)變遷背景下人們的認(rèn)同危機(jī)、道德滑坡以及價(jià)值沖突等問(wèn)題的深切關(guān)注,以及他對(duì)蘇格蘭社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)寄予的深厚的人文關(guān)懷。
[Abstract]:Lewis Grassic Gibbon (1901-1935) is a famous Scottish realist writer and is well-known in Scottish literary history. The life experience and mental process from rural to urban and then to industrial cities reveal the historical changes from agricultural to industrial societies in remote Scotland. Since its publication, it has attracted wide attention at home and abroad. In Lewis Cossey's book The Function of Social Conflict, conflict is the core concept. In his view, the maintenance of social order requires a certain degree of consensus. When the degree of consensus is affected and reduced, conflict will arise. In social life, any kind of conflict. There are explicit and implicit conflicts in social relations. This paper analyzes the conflict themes in The Scottish Book from the perspective of Cosse's conflict and the background of the two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century. Why does Chris, who seems to have a bright future, doubt herself? Why do family members who are supposed to be close to each other feel suspicious? How do individuals and social groups go against each other? These three questions concern the relevance of the theme of the novel's conflict and the essence of the conflict at all levels. The introduction part of the paper introduces the domestic situation. The first chapter mainly discusses the self-conflict of the heroine Chris. Chris should have a bright future. However, in the specific historical context, she is not only confronted with the conflict between the inner will and the fragile human nature, but also in pursuit of a common national identity, her inherent Scottish identity has caused her from time to time. Chapter 2 focuses on the conflict between Chris and her family. Under the background of social change, the relationship and values of family members have changed. These changes are mainly manifested between parents and children, as well as between husband and wife. Chris, who follows the code of ethics, is at odds with a father who violates the code of ethics; and Chris, who has grown up, shows different values in three failed marriages from her three husbands. In this case, the consensus to maintain family harmony tends to dissipate. Family contradictions reflect the changes in family relations in Scotland at the beginning of the twentieth century, thus triggering a reflection on social ethics. Chapter Three analyzes the conflicts between Chris and social groups represented by landlords, tenants and strikers. As an awakened rational individual, Chris is in constant conflict with them. The conflict between Chris and the members of the group fully shows the alienation and the specific experience that some members of the group show in the process. The book of the Scots vividly depicts the conflicts at different levels, reproduces the turbulence in Scottish society during the transitional period, reveals the disintegration of the social consensus inherent in Scotland in the first half of the twentieth century, and expresses Gibbon's crisis of identity in the context of social change and the decline of morality. He is deeply concerned about issues such as value conflicts, and his deep humanistic concern for Scottish social reality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳茂林;;《蘇格蘭人的書》:一部?jī)?yōu)秀的左翼歷史小說(shuō)[J];浙江外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

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本文編號(hào)：2227091