【摘要】：約翰·斯坦貝克是二十世紀(jì)美國最重要的作家之一,于1962年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。斯坦貝克是位高產(chǎn)作家,一生筆耕不輟,完成了十多部小說,其作品主題豐富,涉及戰(zhàn)爭、政治、社會、人性等人類普遍關(guān)注的問題,為各國學(xué)者所廣泛關(guān)注并研究。本文試圖從圣經(jīng)原型角度對斯坦貝克晚期作品《伊甸之東》的主題進(jìn)行分析,以圣經(jīng)中偏愛與嫉妒、背叛與原諒以及善與惡的主題與這部小說主題的聯(lián)系為基點(diǎn),深入挖掘這部小說的藝術(shù)價(jià)值,并豐富國內(nèi)對斯坦貝克作品中圣經(jīng)元素的研究。本文由導(dǎo)論、正文和結(jié)論三部分組成。主要內(nèi)容如下：第一部分是導(dǎo)論,簡介斯坦貝克以及《伊甸之東》,綜述《伊甸之東》的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,簡介原型理論以及圣經(jīng)原型理論,并分析斯坦貝克與基督教的淵源以及《圣經(jīng)》對他創(chuàng)作的深刻影響。第二部分為正文,分為三章：第一章簡要分析《伊甸之東》中偏愛與嫉妒主題的圣經(jīng)原型�！妒ソ�(jīng)》中該隱因嫉妒亞伯的貢品受到上帝的偏愛而殺死了亞伯,被上帝驅(qū)逐到伊甸之東。但該隱在這片土地上仍受上帝保護(hù),免遭他人的傷害。因此作品名稱《伊甸之東》既代表邪惡之地,又代表希望之地。本部作品中亞當(dāng)·特拉斯克與查爾斯·特拉斯克的圣經(jīng)原型分別為亞伯和該隱。亞當(dāng)和《圣經(jīng)》中的亞伯一樣單純樸實(shí),而查爾斯則像該隱那樣,因嫉妒生恨而傷害親兄弟；在下一代中,亞當(dāng)對于阿倫的憐惜和愛同樣招致了迦爾的嫉妒,該隱殺兄的悲劇在兩代人間不斷上演。通過對偏愛與嫉妒主題的圣經(jīng)原型解讀,讀者對斯坦貝克筆下的人物形象的理解會更豐滿、更深刻。第二章主要討論《伊甸之東》中背叛與原諒主題的圣經(jīng)原型。從人類始祖亞當(dāng)與夏娃背叛上帝開始,人類曾多次背叛上帝,但最終上帝寬恕了人類并引導(dǎo)人們重新獲得了生命之水�！兑恋橹畺|》中的亞當(dāng)·特拉斯克有著同《圣經(jīng)》中亞當(dāng)相似的單純、善良以及對夏娃的一片深情；卡西·特拉斯克則像夏娃一樣誘惑別人觸犯原罪,并為亞當(dāng)生育了子嗣。亞當(dāng)原諒了卡西的背叛與欺騙,他也原諒了迦爾的過錯(cuò),并鼓勵(lì)迦爾放下心理包袱。第三章主要分析《伊甸之東》中善與惡主題的圣經(jīng)原型。首先分析善與惡的意象原型：水與火。在《圣經(jīng)》中,水是生命之源,是神對人的恩典,寓意著生命力和創(chuàng)造力,是人類獲得新生的標(biāo)志；水的意象還象征著水洗禮。水洗禮表明舊我和罪的死亡,新我的出現(xiàn)。在《伊甸之東》中亞當(dāng)通過浸在水中,先后兩次完成了自我救贖�！妒ソ�(jīng)》中火用于懲罰,斯坦貝克則賦予火雙重含義：一方面火代表邪惡,卡西的欲望之火燒死了親生父母,迦爾的憤怒之火在燃盡鈔票之時(shí)也燃盡了他對弟弟最后的善意；另一方面,火代表著對罪惡的毀滅和對人性的凈化。其次分別對善與惡的人物原型進(jìn)行分析：善的原型以分析塞繆爾·漢密爾頓和老李為例,前者像摩西幫助曠野中的眾人擊石出水那樣幫助整個(gè)薩利納斯河谷居民尋找水源,后者則是亞當(dāng)?shù)纳顚?dǎo)師和靈魂導(dǎo)師；惡的原型以分析卡西·特拉斯克為例,卡西是整部小說中的撒旦,她陰暗、墮落,弒父母,自甘淪落風(fēng)塵。最后探討斯坦貝克辯證的善惡觀。善與惡的較量貫穿《圣經(jīng)》的始終,也貫穿本部作品的始終。第三部分為結(jié)論,《圣經(jīng)》中的伊甸園是人類美好家園的普遍意象,是人類生活、情感與心靈上的寄托。雖然人類因觸犯原罪再也回不到曾經(jīng)的伊甸園,但人類可以通過努力建造新的伊甸園。在小說的結(jié)尾,曾經(jīng)被荒廢的伊甸園逐步被重建,更重要的是,亞當(dāng)在自己的精神世界中重建了伊甸園。從圣經(jīng)原型理論這一視角來研究《伊甸之東》的主題,有助于人們更深刻地理解小說中的人物形象、主題意蘊(yùn)以及二十世紀(jì)的美國社會,這也正是筆者這篇論文的價(jià)值和意義所在。本文通過分析人類對伊甸園的尋找、伊甸園的建立失敗以及伊甸園的重建三個(gè)過程,揭示和剖析在以物質(zhì)利益為核心,資本主義迅速膨脹的美國現(xiàn)代社會中,人們生活的困苦和精神的危機(jī),我們可以清楚地看到人性的善惡和弱點(diǎn)以及作者內(nèi)心對美好家園和幸福生活的渴望。而小說中的人物最終在善惡之間所做出的選擇再一次印證了斯坦貝克對善的追求。由于篇幅有限,本文只選取了《伊甸之東》眾多主題中的三個(gè)進(jìn)行圣經(jīng)原型研究,這是本文的不足之處。
[Abstract]:John Stainback, one of the most important American writers in the twentieth Century, was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1962. Steinbeck is a prolific writer, and has completed more than 10 novels in his whole life. His works are rich in themes, involving war, politics, society, human nature and others, which have been widely concerned and studied by scholars from all countries. This article tries to analyze the theme of Steinbeck's late works of Eden from the perspective of Biblical archetype, based on the relationship between biblical love and jealousy, betrayal and forgiveness, and the theme of good and evil and the theme of this novel, digging into the artistic value of the novel and enriching the biblical elements in the works of Steinbeck in China. This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main contents are as follows: the first part is introduction, introduction to Steinbeck and the east of Eden, a summary of the domestic and international research status of the east of Eden, the prototype theory and the biblical archetypal theory, and the analysis of the origin of Steinbeck and Christianity and the creation of the Bible by the Bible. The second part is the text, which is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is a brief analysis of the Bible archetype of the theme of love and jealousy in the east of Eden. So the name of the work of Eden, therefore, represents the place of evil and the place of hope. The Biblical archetype of Adam and Charles Trask in this work is as simple as Abel and Cain and Cain and Adam and the Abel in the Bible, and Charles, like Cain, hurt his brother by jealousy; In the next generation, Adam's pity and love for Allen also envied the jealousy of Kal. The tragedy of Cain's brother killed the two generations. Through the Biblical archetype of the theme of preference and jealousy, the reader's understanding of Steinbeck's character will be more plump and deeper. The second chapter mainly discusses the betrayal of the east of Eden. The Bible archetype of pardon the theme. From the betrayal of God by the human ancestor Adam and Eve, human beings had betrayed God many times, but eventually God forgiven mankind and guided people to regain the water of life. Adam trezk in the east of Eden had a simple, kind, and a deep affection for Eve in the middle of the Bible. Casey trusk, like Eve, enticed others to offend the original sin and gave birth to Adam. Adam forgave Casey's betrayal and deception, and he also forgiven JAL's fault and encouraged jar to lay down his psychological burden. The third chapter mainly analyzed the Biblical archetype of "the east of Eden > in the good and the evil theme". First, the image of good and evil was analyzed. Archetype: water and fire. In the Bible, water is the source of life, the grace of God to man, the meaning of life and creativity, the symbol of human being, the image of water also symbolizes the baptism of water. The baptism shows the death of old I and sin, the emergence of new me. In the east of Eden, Adam completed himself two times successively by dipping in the water. Redemption. < Bible > the fire is used for punishment. Steinbeck gives the double meaning of fire: on the one hand, the fire represents evil, and the fire of Casey's desire burns dead parents, and the angry fire of calf burns out his final kindness to his brother at the time of burning the bill; on the other hand, the fire represents the destruction of evil and the purification of human nature. Do not analyze the archetype of good and evil characters: the prototype of the good is to analyze Samuel Hamilton and Lao Li for example, the former is like Mose helping the people in the wilderness with the stone water to help the whole Salinas Valley residents look for water, the latter is Adam's life tutor and soul mentor; the evil archetype is to analyze Casey Tel. For example, Cassie is the Satan in the whole novel. She is dark, decadent, and murdered. She finally explores Steinbeck's dialectic view of good and evil. The contest between good and evil runs through the Bible and runs through this work. The third part is the conclusion that the garden of Eden in the Bible is a universal image of a good home of mankind. It is a human being. In the end of the novel, the garden of Eden was gradually rebuilt, and more importantly, Adam rebuilt the garden of Eden in his own spiritual world. From biblical archetypal theory, the garden of Eden was rebuilt at the end of the novel. The study of the theme of "east of Eden" will help people to understand the characters in the novels, the meaning of the theme and the American Society of the twentieth Century, which is the value and significance of the paper in twentieth Century. This article is to analyze the search for the garden of Eden, the failure of the Eden building and the reconstruction of the garden of Eden. The three process reveals and analyzes the hardship and spiritual crisis of people's life in the modern American society with the core of material interests and the rapid expansion of capitalism. We can clearly see the good and evil and weakness of human nature and the desire of the author's heart to a better home and a happy life. The choice made once again confirms Steinbeck's pursuit of good. Because of the limited space, this article only chooses three of the themes of Eden to study the archetype of Biblical archetype, which is the deficiency of this article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I712.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 董衡巽;論斯坦貝克的興與衰[J];外國文學(xué)評論;1996年01期

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本文編號：2154613