指類句是一種表達一類事物普遍特征的句子,如“鳥會飛”,“雞生蛋”,“蚊子攜帶西尼羅河病毒”等,這種表達在人們的日常對話和某些百科性質的書中十分常見。存在并容忍反例是指類句最大的特點。早在上世紀70年代,指類句就引起了語言學、邏輯學以及人工智能等領域學者的研究興趣。迄今為止,研究大都集中于對指類句邏輯形式和形式語義的研究,而對指類句的形成和識解的認知機制的研究并不多。近年來,有些學者開始嘗試從認知的角度對指類句進行研究,但還不夠全面深入,很多特殊指類句并不能得到較好的解釋。本研究在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎上,對不同類型指類句識解的認知機制進行了研究,以從更深的層次探究指類句的認知基礎。此外,本研究還通過問卷調查的形式,分析了中外學生識解指類句的真實情況,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了與指類句識解有關的因素。本研究擴展了原型范疇理論的應用范圍,并對指類句的語義標注和人工智能的發(fā)展有一定的實用價值。研究結果表明:范疇是圍繞中心原型組織的,可能具有多維度多水平子類原型的認知結構,并保留了一些涉及特殊經歷的樣例信息。根據(jù)帶有某一范疇樣例的經歷,個體會構建一個中心表達或者原型,并根據(jù)這一原型表達理解該類事物。其中,人們關于某事物... 

【文章來源】：重慶大學重慶市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：76 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Background and motivation of the study
    1.2 Significance of the study
    1.3 Scope and Methodology of the study
    1.4 Organization of the thesis
Chapter Two Literature Review
    2.1 What is a generic?
    2.2 Overview of previous studies on generics
        2.2.1 Rule-based study
        2.2.2 Probability-based study
        2.2.3 Cognition-based study
        2.2.4 Comparison among the three research methods
    2.3 Summary
Chapter Three The acquisition of prototype category and its cognitive structure
    3.1 Theories and models of categorization
        3.1.1 The classical theory
        3.1.2 The prototype theory
    3.2 The acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.1 Previous studies on the acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.2 The basic routes to acquiring prototype categories
    3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
        3.3.1 A parallel accumulation of features
        3.3.2 The cognitive structure of prototypes
        3.3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
    3.4 Summary
Chapter Four The cognitive mechanism of understanding generics based on prototype experience
    4.1 A questionnaire about generics
        4.1.1 Method
        4.1.2 Results
        4.1.3 General discussion
    4.2 The general cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics
    4.3 The cognitive mechanisms of understanding particular generics
        4.3.1 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding gender-relative generics
        4.3.2 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with possible individuals
        4.3.3 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with small probability
    4.4 Summary
Chapter Five Conclusion
    5.1 Major findings of the study
    5.2 Limitations of the study
    5.3 Prospect for further study
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E



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