漢語心理咨詢師的“建議”言語行為的語用探究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 10:19
【摘要】：言語行為理論是語用學最重要的理論之一。根據(jù)這一理論,人類語言交際最小的單位是“言語行為”,而非句子或語段。“建議”言語行為,作為一種典型的指令性行為,不僅廣泛地出現(xiàn)在日常的語言交際中,也常用于正式的機構(gòu)會話中,例如教學、電視欄目和咨詢等等。充分認識和把握“建議”言語行為的實現(xiàn)方式和特征,有利于促進交際雙方更好地溝通和交流,避免交際受阻、中斷或誤解等情況的發(fā)生。到目前為止,很多學者站在心理學的角度上對心理咨詢理論和咨詢技巧方面做過大量研究,但是對于在咨詢過程中起到關(guān)鍵作用的“語言”工具卻忽略了。這就是為什么對咨詢語言方面的研究如此之少。本論文著眼于研究咨詢話語中常見的并起著重要作用的“建議”言語行為。本研究是一項基于純粹的中文語料的實證研究。語料收集于經(jīng)典的心理咨詢書籍、咨詢網(wǎng)站和高校真實的咨詢案例。論文運用塞爾的言語行為理論,探索了中文建議言語行為的實現(xiàn)方式和類別,咨詢師在實施“建議”言語行為時所采用的語用策略,以及建議言語的語用特征。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),根據(jù)“建議”的強度和效力可以將“建議”言語行為歸納為四大類,即教導、勸導、指導和引導。在實施不同的“建議”言語行為時,咨詢師也會采取各種不同的語用策略,以滿足交際雙方的需要。主要有以下三個方面的需要：建立并維持良好的“來訪者—咨詢師”關(guān)系；保護來訪者的“面子”；以及增強“建議”的效力。從咨詢語言的語用特征看,在詞匯的使用上,緩和語氣詞和情態(tài)動詞經(jīng)常被用于緩和“建議”的語氣強度以及拉近咨詢師和來訪者之間的距離。在句式層面看,陳述句是最常出現(xiàn)的句式。這與很多學者慣常所認為的疑問句該是最常使用的句式相反。從語義層面看,說理句是最常出現(xiàn)的。研究表明,中文的“建議”言語行為的類型是多樣的。咨詢師熟練地掌握各種建議類型及其實現(xiàn)形式和特征,有助于咨詢的順利進行。咨詢師所運用的各種語用策略也是多種多樣的。有意識的學習并練習使用這些策略,能幫助咨詢師應(yīng)付咨詢過程中出現(xiàn)的各種交際需求,并且有助于咨詢師得心應(yīng)手的實施“建議”言語行為。對咨詢語言的詞匯、句式和語義上的探究也給咨詢師在實施“建議”言語行為時提供了參考和方向。綜上所述,對于心理咨詢語言的研究不僅僅豐富了語言學理論的應(yīng)用和實踐,促進了心理咨詢研究的進一步深入,更使語言這一交際工具實現(xiàn)了更大的價值。
[Abstract]:Speech act theory is one of the most important theories in pragmatics. According to this theory, the smallest unit of human language communication is speech act, not sentence or segment. As a typical directive act, "suggested" speech act is not only widely used in daily language communication, but also used in formal organization conversation, such as teaching, TV program, consultation and so on. To fully understand and grasp the ways and characteristics of the realization of the speech act of "suggestion" is helpful to promote better communication and communication between the two parties, and to avoid the occurrence of obstructions, interruptions or misunderstandings. Up to now, many scholars have done a lot of research on psychological counseling theory and consulting skills from the perspective of psychology, but have neglected the "language" tool which plays a key role in the consultation process. This is why there is so little research on consulting languages. This paper focuses on the common and important speech acts of "suggestion" in consulting discourse. This study is an empirical study based on pure Chinese corpus. The corpus is collected in classic psychological counseling books, consulting websites and real counseling cases in colleges and universities. Based on Searle's theory of speech act, this paper explores the ways and types of the implementation of Chinese suggested speech act, the pragmatic strategies adopted by the consultant in the implementation of the "suggested" speech act, and the pragmatic characteristics of the suggested speech. The present study finds that according to the strength and effect of "suggestion", the speech act of "suggestion" can be classified into four categories, namely, teaching, persuasion, guidance and guidance. When implementing different "suggested" speech acts, consultants also adopt different pragmatic strategies to meet the needs of both parties. There are three main needs: to establish and maintain a good "visitor-consultant" relationship, to protect the "face" of the visitor, and to enhance the effectiveness of the "advice". From the perspective of the pragmatic features of the consulting language, in the use of lexical terms, the tenderness and modal verbs are often used to ease the tone intensity of the "suggestion" and to narrow the distance between the consultant and the visitor. At the level of sentence pattern, declarative sentence is the most common sentence pattern. This is contrary to many scholars' usual belief that interrogative sentences are the most commonly used sentence patterns. From the semantic level, rational sentences are the most common. The study shows that the types of Chinese "suggested" speech acts are diverse. The consultant is skillful in mastering the types of advice and the forms and characteristics of their implementation, which is helpful to the smooth progress of the consultation. The various pragmatic strategies used by consultants are also diverse. Consciously learning and practicing using these strategies can help the consultant to cope with the various communication needs that arise during the consultation process, and help the consultant to implement the "recommended" speech act easily. The inquiry into the vocabulary, sentence structure and semantics of the consulting language also provides reference and direction for the consultant to carry out the speech act of "suggestion". To sum up, the study of psychological counseling language not only enriches the application and practice of linguistic theory, promotes the further study of psychological counseling, but also makes language as a communicative tool achieve greater value.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H136
本文編號：2135205
[Abstract]:Speech act theory is one of the most important theories in pragmatics. According to this theory, the smallest unit of human language communication is speech act, not sentence or segment. As a typical directive act, "suggested" speech act is not only widely used in daily language communication, but also used in formal organization conversation, such as teaching, TV program, consultation and so on. To fully understand and grasp the ways and characteristics of the realization of the speech act of "suggestion" is helpful to promote better communication and communication between the two parties, and to avoid the occurrence of obstructions, interruptions or misunderstandings. Up to now, many scholars have done a lot of research on psychological counseling theory and consulting skills from the perspective of psychology, but have neglected the "language" tool which plays a key role in the consultation process. This is why there is so little research on consulting languages. This paper focuses on the common and important speech acts of "suggestion" in consulting discourse. This study is an empirical study based on pure Chinese corpus. The corpus is collected in classic psychological counseling books, consulting websites and real counseling cases in colleges and universities. Based on Searle's theory of speech act, this paper explores the ways and types of the implementation of Chinese suggested speech act, the pragmatic strategies adopted by the consultant in the implementation of the "suggested" speech act, and the pragmatic characteristics of the suggested speech. The present study finds that according to the strength and effect of "suggestion", the speech act of "suggestion" can be classified into four categories, namely, teaching, persuasion, guidance and guidance. When implementing different "suggested" speech acts, consultants also adopt different pragmatic strategies to meet the needs of both parties. There are three main needs: to establish and maintain a good "visitor-consultant" relationship, to protect the "face" of the visitor, and to enhance the effectiveness of the "advice". From the perspective of the pragmatic features of the consulting language, in the use of lexical terms, the tenderness and modal verbs are often used to ease the tone intensity of the "suggestion" and to narrow the distance between the consultant and the visitor. At the level of sentence pattern, declarative sentence is the most common sentence pattern. This is contrary to many scholars' usual belief that interrogative sentences are the most commonly used sentence patterns. From the semantic level, rational sentences are the most common. The study shows that the types of Chinese "suggested" speech acts are diverse. The consultant is skillful in mastering the types of advice and the forms and characteristics of their implementation, which is helpful to the smooth progress of the consultation. The various pragmatic strategies used by consultants are also diverse. Consciously learning and practicing using these strategies can help the consultant to cope with the various communication needs that arise during the consultation process, and help the consultant to implement the "recommended" speech act easily. The inquiry into the vocabulary, sentence structure and semantics of the consulting language also provides reference and direction for the consultant to carry out the speech act of "suggestion". To sum up, the study of psychological counseling language not only enriches the application and practice of linguistic theory, promotes the further study of psychological counseling, but also makes language as a communicative tool achieve greater value.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H136
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，本文編號：2135205
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