本文選題：英漢雙及物動詞 + 英漢雙及物構(gòu)式��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：英漢雙及物動詞進(jìn)入雙及物構(gòu)式前后發(fā)生了有趣的變化:部分動詞本身并不表示給予或獲取意義,進(jìn)入雙及物構(gòu)式后似乎變得能夠表達(dá)這些意思;部分動詞本身表達(dá)給予、取得、或中性方向意義的動詞,進(jìn)入構(gòu)式后表達(dá)取得、給予、或多向方向。很多學(xué)者研究過雙及物動詞的這些變化,但目前對這些變化較為深入的跨語言研究較少。本文意欲在Goldberg構(gòu)式語法理論指導(dǎo)下,以自建數(shù)據(jù)庫語料為基礎(chǔ),分析并比較英漢雙及物動詞進(jìn)入雙及物構(gòu)式的過程,及期間動詞語義發(fā)生的變化,以便更進(jìn)一步地揭示兩種語言的異同。本文將英漢雙及物構(gòu)式分解為兩個分構(gòu)式:一為雙及物構(gòu)式,即致使取得構(gòu)式;一為變體雙及物構(gòu)式,即致使失去構(gòu)式;并對從“北京大學(xué)中國語言學(xué)研究中心語料庫”和“英國國家語料庫”檢索與篩選搜集到的62個英語、168個漢語雙及物動詞,進(jìn)行三個方面的研究,主要包括動詞所表達(dá)的事件類型、動詞事件中的參與者角色、以及動詞與雙及物構(gòu)式的融合。此種分類及研究主要基于Goldberg關(guān)于構(gòu)式的理念。Goldberg認(rèn)為構(gòu)式是對人類經(jīng)驗基本情景進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)的抽象語言表達(dá)。它既是一種語言形式,也是對客觀世界某類特定事件的一種描述,是形式與意義的配對。另外,構(gòu)式有獨立于其內(nèi)動詞的獨特的意義。這種意義不能通過對構(gòu)式成分意義的簡單加減得出,也不與其他構(gòu)式分享,是一種需要習(xí)得的意義。最后,動詞進(jìn)入相應(yīng)構(gòu)式不是一蹴而就的,這期間需要動詞與構(gòu)式在各自角色,各自所表達(dá)的事件兩方面進(jìn)行互動。本研究有四點發(fā)現(xiàn):第一,漢語雙及物動詞較英語雙及物來說,種類更豐富;第二,英漢雙及物動詞進(jìn)入雙及物構(gòu)式時,構(gòu)式對其都有四個方面的影響,包括限定動詞事件的句法表達(dá)、從動詞事件的相鄰事件中提取可與論元角色融合的參與者角色、改變動詞事件中參與者角色的性質(zhì),和為動詞事件提供某些參與者角色,然而每類影響在兩種語言中所占的比重有差異;第三,英漢雙及物動詞并不從雙及物構(gòu)式那里得到給予或取得義,入式后動詞意義保持不變;第四,英語雙及物動詞更易于在給予類雙及物構(gòu)式的影響下改變自身之方向義,而漢語雙及物動詞則可較為自由選擇自己在雙及物構(gòu)式中的方向義。
[Abstract]:In English and Chinese, there are interesting changes before and after the ditransitive verb enters into the ditransitive construction: some verbs themselves do not mean to give or acquire meaning, and when they enter the ditransitive construction, they seem to be able to express these meanings; some verbs themselves express the meaning of giving. A verb with the meaning of acquisition, or neutral direction, that enters the construction and expresses the direction of acquisition, giving, or multidirection. Many scholars have studied these changes of transitive verbs, but there are few cross-linguistic studies on these changes. Under the guidance of Goldberg's construction grammar theory, this paper analyzes and compares the process of English and Chinese ditransitive verbs entering into ditransitive constructions, and the semantic changes of verbs during the period, based on the self-built database corpus. In order to further reveal the similarities and differences between the two languages. In this paper, the English and Chinese transitive constructions are divided into two constructions: one is the ditransitive construction, that is, the resulting acquisition construction, the other is the variant ditransitive construction, that is, the loss of the construction; It also makes a study of 62 English and 168 Chinese double-transitive verbs collected from the Corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics Studies of Peking University and the British National Corpus. It mainly includes the event types expressed by verbs, the roles of participants in verb events, and the fusion of verbs and transitive constructions. This classification and research is mainly based on Goldberg's concept of construction. Goldberg believes that construction is an abstract language expression that summarizes the basic situations of human experience. It is not only a linguistic form, but also a description of a certain kind of event in the objective world. In addition, construction has a unique meaning independent of its inner verb. This kind of meaning cannot be obtained by simple addition or subtraction of the meaning of construction elements, nor can it be shared with other constructions. It is a kind of meaning to be learned. Finally, the verb enters the corresponding construction not overnight, during this period, the verb and the construction in their respective roles, each expresses the event two aspects to carry on the interaction. There are four main findings in this study: first, the variety of Chinese transitive verbs is more abundant than that of English ones; second, when the English and Chinese ditransitive verbs enter the ditransitive constructions, the constructions have four effects on them. It includes defining the syntactic expression of the verb event, extracting the participant role that can be fused with the argument role from the adjacent events of the verb event, changing the nature of the participant role in the verb event, and providing some participant roles for the verb event. However, the proportion of each type of influence in the two languages is different; third, the English and Chinese ditransitive verbs do not give or obtain the meaning from the ditransitive constructions, and the meaning of the verb remains unchanged after entering; fourth, the meaning of the English and Chinese ditransitive verbs does not change. It is easier to change the directional meaning of English ditransitive verbs under the influence of the similar transitive constructions, while the Chinese ditransitive verbs are free to choose their own directional meanings in the ditransitive constructions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.2;H314.2

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