【摘要】：隱喻在傳統(tǒng)上被視為一種修辭手法，僅僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。然而，認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的最新研究表明，隱喻不僅具有語(yǔ)體的性質(zhì)，而且具有重要的認(rèn)知意義。喬治·萊考夫在其《我們賴以生存的隱喻》一書(shū)中認(rèn)為，隱喻存在于我們的日常生活的方方面面，這不只體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言方面，而且體現(xiàn)在思維和行動(dòng)中。根據(jù)概念隱喻理論，我們語(yǔ)言中的概念隱喻植根于我們的親身經(jīng)驗(yàn)。隱喻的含義和隱喻的理解是通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的映射而實(shí)現(xiàn)的：源域和目標(biāo)域,源域一般比目標(biāo)域更具體。 天氣是一種與人們?nèi)粘Ｉ蠲芮邢嚓P(guān)的重要的自然現(xiàn)象，它經(jīng)常通過(guò)隱喻的方式，用來(lái)描繪人們面對(duì)的抽象處境或解釋人類概念。在以往的研究中，關(guān)于天氣的隱喻主要重視的是情感方面。本文擬通過(guò)以概念隱喻理論為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中“風(fēng)”和“雨”隱喻用法進(jìn)行比較研究。“風(fēng)”和“雨”隱喻表達(dá)的目標(biāo)領(lǐng)域幾乎涵蓋了人類日常生活的每一個(gè)方面。本文主要是定性研究，通過(guò)對(duì)來(lái)自詞典和線上語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，描述了英漢語(yǔ)言中“風(fēng)”與“雨”隱喻用法的異同。在英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中，風(fēng)的三個(gè)不同階段，即風(fēng)的出現(xiàn)、持續(xù)和消失階段，都映射到了目標(biāo)領(lǐng)域。類似地，來(lái)源領(lǐng)域中現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的雨前、雨中、雨后三種不同的情況，被用于討論與天氣狀況無(wú)關(guān)的目標(biāo)概念。以成語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn)的“風(fēng)”和“雨”的大多數(shù)隱喻用途都與風(fēng)雨的影響力有關(guān)，包括其驅(qū)動(dòng)力和破壞力。英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)都存在概念隱喻：條件是天氣。但該隱喻的表層實(shí)現(xiàn)形式在不同的語(yǔ)言中可能存在差異。本文中大多數(shù)隱喻，都是基于情境或意象的隱喻。而兩種語(yǔ)言中大部分單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)形式的關(guān)于風(fēng)雨的隱喻表達(dá)都是本體隱喻，“呼吸是風(fēng)”、“腸胃中的氣體是風(fēng)”以及“自負(fù)是風(fēng)”是英語(yǔ)中獨(dú)特的本體隱喻，而“風(fēng)格/美德是風(fēng)”、“愛(ài)是風(fēng)”以及“疾病是風(fēng)”都是漢語(yǔ)特有的隱喻。漢語(yǔ)中這些獨(dú)特的本體隱喻的表層實(shí)現(xiàn)形式在英語(yǔ)中找不到對(duì)應(yīng)，反之亦然。 英漢語(yǔ)言中“風(fēng)”、“雨”這兩個(gè)天氣詞語(yǔ)的隱喻用法的相似性，，可以通過(guò)中英兩國(guó)人民對(duì)“風(fēng)”、“雨”的身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的相似性來(lái)解釋；而英漢語(yǔ)中存在的“風(fēng)”、“雨”隱喻用法的差異主要是由不同的社會(huì)文化經(jīng)驗(yàn)造成的，包括以下因素：物理環(huán)境（地理位置和氣候）、社會(huì)語(yǔ)境（社會(huì)權(quán)力關(guān)系）、文化語(yǔ)境（哲學(xué)思想和中醫(yī)）和有差異的記憶（神話故事及歷史事件）。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is traditionally regarded as a rhetorical device, only a linguistic phenomenon. However, the latest research in cognitive linguistics shows that metaphor is not only stylistic, but also has important cognitive significance. George Lakoff, in his book metaphor for our existence, argues that metaphor exists in every aspect of our daily life, not only in language, but also in thought and action. According to conceptual metaphor theory, conceptual metaphor in our language is rooted in our own experience. The meaning of metaphor and the understanding of metaphor are realized through the mapping of two domains: source domain and target domain, and the source domain is generally more specific than the target domain. Weather is an important natural phenomenon closely related to people's daily life. It is often used to describe the abstract situation people face or to explain the human concept by means of metaphor. In previous studies, metaphor for weather has focused on the emotional aspect. Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper makes a comparative study of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. The target areas of metaphorical expressions of "wind" and "rain" cover almost every aspect of human daily life. By analyzing the data from dictionaries and online corpus, this paper describes the similarities and differences between the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. In English and Chinese, three different stages of wind, namely, the emergence, persistence and disappearance of wind, map to the target area. Similarly three different situations in real life before rain and after rain in the source domain are used to discuss objective concepts unrelated to weather conditions. Most of the metaphorical uses of "wind" and "rain" in the form of idioms are related to the influence of wind and rain, including their driving force and destructive power. Conceptual metaphors exist in both English and Chinese: the condition is the weather. However, the surface implementation of the metaphor may vary from language to language. Most of the metaphors in this paper are situational or image-based metaphors. The metaphorical expressions of wind and rain in most of the single words in both languages are ontological metaphors, "breath is the wind", "the gas in the stomach is the wind" and "conceit is the wind" are the unique ontological metaphors in English. "style / virtue is wind", "love is wind" and "disease is wind" are Chinese unique metaphors. The surface realization of these unique ontological metaphors in Chinese cannot be found in English, and vice versa. The similarity of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese can be explained by the similarity of the physical experience of the Chinese and British people to "wind" and "rain"; The differences in the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese are mainly caused by different social and cultural experiences, including the following factors: physical environment (geographical location and climate), social context (social power relationship), Cultural context (philosophical thinking and Chinese medicine) and differential memory (mythological stories and historical events).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H15;H315

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