【摘要】：比喻是人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言中最重要的表達(dá)手段,是修辭學(xué)的重要組成部分,同時(shí)也是增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)效果的主要方式。無(wú)論是在古代,還是在現(xiàn)代,無(wú)論是口頭交際,還是書(shū)面寫(xiě)作,比喻都是人們經(jīng)常使用的辭格。古今學(xué)者對(duì)這種辭格已經(jīng)有了比較透徹的研究。但是,針對(duì)古今比喻對(duì)比研究的論著較為鮮見(jiàn)。因此,本論文的研究具有重大的理論意義和深遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,同時(shí)還具有較為廣闊的研究空間。 比喻辭格的古今對(duì)比研究有利于分析出古今比喻辭格在不同時(shí)期所賦予的不同喻義。通過(guò)對(duì)古今比喻辭格的定義、分類(lèi)、個(gè)性特征、喻義等方面的分析,可以看出古代比喻辭格多是從功用性以及適用性的角度出發(fā),當(dāng)代比喻辭格多是從辭格本身的文本性以及創(chuàng)新性出發(fā)。比喻辭格的古今對(duì)比研究有利于更好地對(duì)比喻辭格進(jìn)行使用。既吸收前人的研究成果,又不因循守舊,爭(zhēng)取在運(yùn)用過(guò)程中能有新的發(fā)展。比喻辭格的古今對(duì)比研究有利于分析出比喻辭格的歷史演變過(guò)程。同時(shí),不同時(shí)期的比喻辭格也反映出了漢民族語(yǔ)言文化在不同時(shí)期的演變歷程。 本文從語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度出發(fā),以語(yǔ)體學(xué)及修辭學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo),借鑒社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)、文化語(yǔ)言學(xué)、對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)及美學(xué)的相關(guān)理論對(duì)比喻辭格歷時(shí)地進(jìn)行比較分析,主要探討古今比喻的定義、個(gè)性特征、喻義等幾個(gè)方面,旨在從全新的角度闡述比喻辭格古今的異同,全文共分為六個(gè)部分： 第一部分,引言,簡(jiǎn)要討論了比喻辭格古今比較研究的現(xiàn)狀和成果、目的、方法以及價(jià)值和創(chuàng)新之處。 第二部分,論述古今比喻的定義、類(lèi)型以及古今比喻分類(lèi)的異同。 第三部分,探討古今比喻個(gè)性特征上的比較,包括古漢語(yǔ)中比喻的特征、現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中比喻的特征。 第四部分,探討比喻辭格的古今喻義比較,包括以動(dòng)物為喻體的喻義比較、以植物為喻體的喻義比較、以顏色為喻體的喻義比較以及比喻辭格古今設(shè)喻的比較。 第五部分,深入探討了古今比喻差異的原因,主要是不同認(rèn)知思維形成的差異；本章還探究了古今比喻辭格的共性成分以及它與中華民族文化的傳承關(guān)系。 最后一部分是論文的結(jié)語(yǔ),概括了前文并對(duì)論文中提出的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了歸納升華。 在本論文的研究過(guò)程中,筆者閱讀了大量的歷史及現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文獻(xiàn),從先秦各派對(duì)比喻的學(xué)說(shuō)到當(dāng)代書(shū)面及口頭所形成的比喻文化,配合以多種跨學(xué)科的研究方法,比如常用的歸納法、演繹法,宏觀微觀分析法等。通過(guò)各個(gè)方面的分析探討,試圖在本論文中形成個(gè)人的特色以及創(chuàng)新性研究成果。 本論文的特色以及創(chuàng)新性研究成果在于： 首先,在宏觀方面,根據(jù)比喻辭格的幾個(gè)要素進(jìn)行了古今比喻辭格的對(duì)比分析總結(jié)： 第一,古今學(xué)者在比喻辭格應(yīng)用中所體現(xiàn)的不同特征。 第二,古今學(xué)者在比喻辭格應(yīng)用中所體現(xiàn)的不同喻義。 其次,在微觀方面,第一次從古今學(xué)者對(duì)世界的不同認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)古今比喻辭格的影響進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析總結(jié)。包括古今學(xué)者在審美價(jià)值、生活環(huán)境、歷史文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等各方面的差異。 最后,通過(guò)列舉大量的實(shí)例證明,得出了對(duì)古今比喻辭格的個(gè)人創(chuàng)新性見(jiàn)解,主要包括以下幾點(diǎn)： 第一,古今比喻辭格的共性成分。 第二,古今比喻辭格的發(fā)展對(duì)漢民族語(yǔ)言文化演變的影響。
[Abstract]:The metaphor is the most important means of expression in human language, which is an important part of rhetoric, and is also the main way to enhance the effect of language expression. In ancient times, or in the modern, whether oral or written, the parables are often used by people. The ancient and modern scholars have made a thorough study of this kind of speech. However, the study of the comparative study of the ancient and modern metaphor is more fresh. Therefore, the research of this thesis has great theoretical and profound practical significance, and also has a wide research space. The comparative study of the comparison between the ancient and the modern of the figure of speech is helpful to the analysis of the differences that the ancient and modern parables have given in different times. Through the analysis of the definition, classification, personality and metonymy of the ancient and modern parables, it can be seen that the rhetoric of the ancient metaphor is from the angle of the function and the applicability. From the point of view, the comparative study of the comparison between the ancient and modern of the figure of speech is beneficial to the better comparison of the parables. It not only absorbs the research results of the predecessors, but also does not follow the old, so as to be able to have a new application in the process of application The comparative study of the comparison between the ancient and modern of the figure of speech is beneficial to the analysis of the historical evolution of the parables. At the same time, the rhetoric of the different times also reflects the evolution of the Chinese national language culture in different times This paper, based on the theory of linguistics, culture, linguistics, cognitive psychology and aesthetics, is based on the theory of linguistics, linguistics, comparative linguistics, cognitive psychology and aesthetics, and mainly discusses the ancient and modern times. The definition, the personality and the metonymy of the parables are designed to explain the similarities and differences between the ancient and modern of the figure from the new angle, and the whole text is divided into two parts. For six parts, the first part, the introduction, briefly discussed the present situation and the achievement, the purpose and the method of the comparative study of the metaphor and the ancient and modern. The second part discusses the definition and type of the ancient and modern parables. The similarities and differences in the classification of ancient and modern parables. The third part discusses the comparison of the characteristics of the ancient and modern parables, including the parables of the ancient Chinese. The characteristics of the parables in modern Chinese. The fourth part is to study the comparison of the ancient and modern metonymy of the parables, including the use of the metonymy of the animal as the metonymy, and the color as the metonymy. In the fifth part, the causes of the differences between the ancient and modern parables are discussed, and the differences between the different cognitive thinking are discussed. The common component of the thesis and its relationship with the Chinese culture. The last part is the conclusion of the paper. In the course of the research of this paper, the author has read a lot of historical and contemporary literature, and from the pre-Qin parties to the metaphor theory to the contemporary written and oral metaphor culture, in a variety of cross-disciplinary The method of research, such as commonly used inductive method, deduction method, and macro-micro-analysis method, etc. The analysis of various aspects in an attempt to form an individual's characteristic in this paper, and the innovative research results are as follows: first, in the first place, In the macroscopic aspect, the ancient and modern parables are made according to the elements of the figure of speech. A Summary of the Comparative Analysis of Lattice: The first, the ancient and modern scholars in the parables The different features embodied in the application. The second, the different meanings of the ancient and modern scholars in the application of the parables. In the micro aspect, the first time from the ancient and modern scholars to the different understanding of the world on the influence of the ancient and modern parables The summary of the comparative analysis includes the differences in the aesthetic value, the living environment, the historical culture, the customs and the like of the ancient and modern scholars. Finally, by listing a large number of real examples On the other hand, the author draws a personal and creative view of the ancient and modern parables, which mainly includes the following steps:
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H15

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