【摘要】：本文旨在從詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)視角研究詞匯同義關(guān)系在語(yǔ)境中的構(gòu)建，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了解釋詞匯同義關(guān)系的詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)模型。論文共設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)研究目標(biāo)：第一，以詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)和關(guān)聯(lián)理論為基礎(chǔ)建立解釋詞匯同義關(guān)系的語(yǔ)用理論框架；第二，通過(guò)同義詞選擇和相似度判斷兩個(gè)相輔相成的認(rèn)知心理實(shí)驗(yàn)，量化分析和闡釋了詞匯同義關(guān)系在語(yǔ)境中的構(gòu)建；第三，根據(jù)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)際語(yǔ)例的分析，討論了詞匯同義關(guān)系的認(rèn)知處理特性、認(rèn)知前提基礎(chǔ)、認(rèn)知機(jī)制，以及特別范疇的特殊作用，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)理論模型。 本研究認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)義待確定性（linguistic underdeterminacy）是同義關(guān)系認(rèn)知的必要基礎(chǔ)和前提，同義關(guān)系依賴語(yǔ)用推導(dǎo)機(jī)制，通過(guò)特別范疇（ad hoccategory）在線構(gòu)建詞匯語(yǔ)用關(guān)系。為了驗(yàn)證上述理論假設(shè)，本文設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)認(rèn)知心理實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對(duì)象為127名某大學(xué)英語(yǔ)本科生。第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在測(cè)試在無(wú)語(yǔ)境與有（語(yǔ)句）語(yǔ)境條件下被試選擇同義詞的一致性。實(shí)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)料來(lái)自于北京大學(xué)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究中心漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(CCL)中的10個(gè)常用漢語(yǔ)名詞和10個(gè)漢語(yǔ)形容詞，并在語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中隨機(jī)抽取不同語(yǔ)體下語(yǔ)義完整并長(zhǎng)度適宜的100個(gè)句子作為其伴隨語(yǔ)境，探討詞匯同義關(guān)系構(gòu)建對(duì)語(yǔ)境的依賴程度。 第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)也包括無(wú)語(yǔ)境和有語(yǔ)境兩個(gè)變量，但后者的呈現(xiàn)條件為被試內(nèi)同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)一般范疇名稱和特別范疇名稱。該實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在檢驗(yàn)語(yǔ)境、范疇類型、以及語(yǔ)境和范疇類型的交互作用對(duì)詞匯間相似度產(chǎn)生的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇10個(gè)一般范疇和10個(gè)特殊范疇作為語(yǔ)境，并從中分別挑選出形容詞對(duì)和名詞詞對(duì)，不同組被試分別在無(wú)語(yǔ)境和有（范疇名稱）語(yǔ)境的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下判斷詞對(duì)的相似度。 通過(guò)第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的計(jì)算匹配分?jǐn)?shù)（matching score）以及匹配分?jǐn)?shù)與詞匯語(yǔ)料庫(kù)出現(xiàn)頻率的相關(guān)性結(jié)果，本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，詞匯同義關(guān)系很大程度上依賴于語(yǔ)境，是即時(shí)在線構(gòu)建的意義關(guān)系，而非既定的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。通過(guò)第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的多因素混合方差分析，結(jié)果表明，，呈現(xiàn)特別范疇名稱能顯著增加詞對(duì)間的相似度，這一結(jié)果證實(shí)了語(yǔ)用推導(dǎo)理論的預(yù)測(cè):詞匯同義關(guān)系的構(gòu)建并不是單純的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)想，而是在關(guān)聯(lián)語(yǔ)境下進(jìn)行的語(yǔ)用推導(dǎo)；同時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也證明特別范疇通過(guò)將交際雙方認(rèn)知付出努力轉(zhuǎn)移至相關(guān)潛在信息的方式，協(xié)助詞對(duì)間的同義關(guān)系的構(gòu)建。由此，本研究得出如下結(jié)論： 第一，詞匯同義關(guān)系在不同語(yǔ)境下呈現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義不確切、自主選擇、回避無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容等的非確切(non-specificity)特征； 第二，詞匯同義關(guān)系的構(gòu)建以語(yǔ)言待確定性（linguistic underdeterminacy）為認(rèn)知的必要基礎(chǔ)和前提； 第三，詞匯同義關(guān)系是依賴語(yǔ)用推導(dǎo)機(jī)制通過(guò)特別范疇（ad hoc category）建立的概念相似性從而在線構(gòu)建的意義關(guān)系。 本論文的主要貢獻(xiàn)是：首先，為解釋詞匯同義關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境敏感性、動(dòng)態(tài)性特征提供了新的語(yǔ)用和認(rèn)知視角，拓展了詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)的研究范圍。其次，建立了同義關(guān)系新的詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)模型，這一模型不僅揭示了詞匯同義關(guān)系的動(dòng)態(tài)特征、認(rèn)知前提和認(rèn)知機(jī)制，而且呈現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)用理解過(guò)程的9個(gè)推導(dǎo)步驟。同時(shí)提出，詞匯概念表征越接近特別范疇原型，這個(gè)詞項(xiàng)越能成為符合語(yǔ)境和交際意圖的“恰當(dāng)”的同義詞。 本文采用的研究方法也可應(yīng)用于研究其他詞匯關(guān)系，例如詞匯的反義關(guān)系和一詞多義關(guān)系。本文為同義關(guān)系提供新的詞匯語(yǔ)用學(xué)視角也為解釋翻譯的不確定性提供了可能性。
[Abstract]:This paper aims to study the construction of lexical synonyms in context from the perspective of lexical pragmatics and proposes a Lexical-pragmatic model to explain lexical synonyms. Secondly, the construction of lexical synonyms in context is quantitatively analyzed and explained through two complementary cognitive psychological experiments of synonym selection and similarity judgment. Thirdly, based on the analysis of experimental data and actual examples, the cognitive processing characteristics, cognitive premise, cognitive mechanism and characteristics of lexical synonyms are discussed. On this basis, a theoretical model of lexical pragmatics is established.
This study argues that linguistic underdeterminacy is the necessary basis and premise for the cognition of synonymous relations. Synonymic dependency is a pragmatic deduction mechanism through which lexical pragmatic relations are constructed online through ad hoc category. The first experiment was designed to test the consistency of synonyms chosen by subjects in context-free and context-free situations. The experimental corpus was drawn from 10 common Chinese nouns and 10 Chinese adjectives in the Chinese Corpus (CCL) of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University and randomly selected from the corpus. Taking 100 sentences with complete semantics and appropriate length in different styles as their adjoint contexts, this paper explores the dependence of lexical synonym construction on context.
The second experiment included both contextual and non-contextual variables, but the latter was conditioned by the simultaneous presentation of general category names and special category names. Adjective pairs and noun pairs were selected from 0 special categories as contexts. The subjects in different groups judged the similarity of adjective pairs under the experimental conditions of no context and (category name) context respectively.
By calculating the matching score and the correlation between the matching score and the frequency of the occurrence of lexical corpus in the first experiment, we found that lexical synonymy is largely dependent on context and is a meaning relationship constructed on-line rather than a fixed semantic relationship. Difference analysis shows that the presentation of special category names can significantly increase the similarity between pairs of words. This result confirms the prediction of pragmatic deduction theory: the construction of lexical synonymous relations is not simply semantic association, but pragmatic deduction in the context of relevance; and the experimental results also prove that special category can increase the similarity between the two sides of communication by means of special category. Cognitive effort transfers to the underlying information to facilitate the construction of synonymous relationships between pairs of words.
Firstly, lexical synonyms in different contexts are characterized by semantic inaccuracy, autonomous choice and avoidance of irrelevant content.
Secondly, the construction of lexical synonymy is based on linguistic underdeterminacy.
Thirdly, lexical synonyms are constructed online by relying on the conceptual similarities established by the pragmatic inference mechanism through ad hoc categories.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: Firstly, it provides a new pragmatic and cognitive perspective for explaining the contextual sensitivity and dynamic features of lexical synonyms, and broadens the scope of lexical pragmatics. Secondly, it establishes a new Lexical-pragmatic model of lexical synonyms, which not only reveals the dynamic features of lexical synonyms, but also reveals the cognitive characteristics of lexical synonyms. It also points out that the closer the lexical conceptual representation is to the prototype of a particular category, the more appropriate the term is to be synonymous with context and communicative intention.
The research method adopted in this paper can also be applied to other lexical relations, such as antonyms and polysemy. This paper provides a new Lexical Pragmatic Perspective for synonyms and also provides the possibility to explain the uncertainty of translation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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