本文選題：南部吳語 + 韻母��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,歷史層次分析法逐漸成為分析漢語方言歷史演變的重要方法,并且不斷得到學(xué)界關(guān)注,這都是源于漢語方言發(fā)展史觀的轉(zhuǎn)變,即從單一的直線發(fā)展觀轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷哟闻c演變交織的發(fā)展觀。這種新的漢語發(fā)展史觀告訴我們,南方方言不斷地受到各個時代中原標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語的影響,在共時音系中形成疊置。因此,我們首先需要析出方言的層次。 南部吳語內(nèi)部錯綜復(fù)雜,差異較大,雖有不少方言材料問世,但對本地區(qū)方言韻母的演變還缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。因此,本文以南部吳語為研究對象,利用歷史層次分析法分析、討論上麗片、甌江片和婺州片十九個方言點韻母的歷史層次。具體是以中古十六攝為綱,逐一離析各韻在方言中的層次表現(xiàn),并歸納各自的演變。 文章也討論了與層次分析相關(guān)的幾個理論問題。第一,重新思考“文白異讀是層次劃分的利器”一語,我們認(rèn)為文讀是通過詞匯且以音類為單位的相似借入,這種借入帶有人的主觀性,因此,某些音變形成的對立也會被誤認(rèn)為是文白層次。第二,高元音裂化形成的對立是音變的結(jié)果而非層次。一方面,無論是前裂化還是后裂化都是音變的自然現(xiàn)象；另一方面,高元音裂化以“詞匯擴(kuò)散”形式形成對立。第三,音變的結(jié)果是創(chuàng)新,層次的結(jié)果是趨同。高元音裂化在南部吳語三片有不同的語音表現(xiàn),這是音變創(chuàng)新。第四,根據(jù)前面三條原則,討論支、脂、之三韻的分合問題,與前人觀點不同的是,我們認(rèn)為支韻與脂之韻的區(qū)別是后來音變所產(chǎn)生的。第五,相同的層次特征能反映出不同的語音特征。以咸攝三四等為例指出無論是分立還是合流均是一個層次。第六,并不是所有因聲母條件不同而出現(xiàn)的變體都是互補(bǔ),有的是“假互補(bǔ)”,實為層次。 全文可分為四大部分,共有19章。第一部分即第1章緒論。第二部分從第2章到第17章,以十六攝為綱討論南部吳語各韻的層次,亦為本文的主體部分。第三部分即第18章,為專題研究,分別論述了吳語義烏方言入聲的演變,婺州片吳語的第一人稱代詞和從覃談寒桓四韻看臺州片方言的歸屬。第四部分即第19章,討論并總結(jié)了有關(guān)層次分析的幾個重要問題。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has gradually become an important method of analyzing the historical evolution of Chinese dialects, and has been paid more and more attention by the academic circles, which are all due to the transformation of the view on the development of Chinese dialects. That is, from a single concept of linear development to the level and evolution of the interwoven concept of development. This new view of the history of Chinese development tells us that the Southern dialect is constantly influenced by the Central Plains Standard language of all times and overlay in the synchronic phonology. Therefore, we first need to separate out the level of dialects. Although there are many dialect materials, there is no systematic study on the evolution of the vowels of the local dialects. Therefore, this paper takes the southern Wu language as the research object, uses the historical analytic hierarchy process analysis, discusses the historical level of 19 dialect vowels in Shangli, Oujiang and Wuzhou. Specifically, taking the sixteen pictures of the middle ancient times as the outline, we separate each rhyme in dialects one by one, and summarize their evolution. Several theoretical problems related to AHP are also discussed. First, rethinking the term "Wen Bai Yuan read is a sharp weapon of hierarchical division". We think that text reading is borrowed through words and by similar borrowing in phonetic units, which is subjective, therefore, The opposition formed by some phonetic changes can also be mistaken for the level of writing and whiteness. Second, the antithesis of high vowel cracking is the result of sound change rather than hierarchy. On the one hand, both pre-cracking and post-cracking are natural phenomena of sound change; on the other hand, high-vowel cracking is opposites in the form of "word diffusion". Third, the result of sound change is innovation, and the result of hierarchy is convergence. The vowel cracking has different phonetic performance in the three pieces of Southern Wu language, which is the innovation of sound change. Fourthly, according to the first three principles, this paper discusses the division and combination of branch, fat and triple rhyme, which is different from previous views. We think that the difference between branch rhyme and Zhi rhyme is the result of later phonological change. Fifth, the same hierarchical features can reflect different phonetic features. Taking salty photography as an example, it is pointed out that both separation and confluence are one level. Sixth, not all variants due to different consonant conditions are complementary, and some are false complementary. The full text can be divided into four parts, a total of 19 chapters. The first part is the introduction of Chapter 1. The second part, from chapter 2 to chapter 17, discusses the different levels of rhyme in Southern Wu language, and it is also the main part of this paper. The third part, Chapter 18, is a special topic study, which discusses the evolution of the Wuyu Yiwu dialect, the first person pronoun of Wu dialect in Wuzhou, and the attribution of Taizhou dialect from the four rhymes of Qin and Hanghuan. The fourth part, chapter 19, discusses and summarizes some important problems of AHP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H173

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