本文選題：東鄉(xiāng)語 + 恭維��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究主要考察年齡和權(quán)勢因素是否會(huì)對東鄉(xiāng)族女性實(shí)施恭維言語行為策略有影響,并探討其蘊(yùn)涵的文化背景；同時(shí)對比東鄉(xiāng)族女性和蘭州漢族女性實(shí)施恭維言語行為的語用策略的異同,并探究產(chǎn)生這些異同的原因。根據(jù)布拉姆·卡爾卡和噢希頓(Blum-Kulka和Olshtain)(1984)的方法,本研究運(yùn)用“完成會(huì)話”(DCT)收集自然語料,然后進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。恭維言語行為分為三部分：稱呼、實(shí)施恭維部分和附加部分。事實(shí)恭維部分包括三種“說話角度”；即,說話人角度、聽話人角度和無角度；還包括兩種“實(shí)施策略”；即,句法(委婉)策略和詞匯(緩和)策略。BrownLevmson(1987)提出威脅面子行為輕重的三個(gè)因素.”說話者和聽話者之間的親疏關(guān)系、說話者和聽話者之間的相對權(quán)勢以及要求事物的大小。BrownLevinson(1987)認(rèn)為不同文化背景下對文化語境和社會(huì)變量的評測不同。據(jù)此,本研究運(yùn)用定量和定性相結(jié)合的方法對瀕危語言(東鄉(xiāng)語)和同處中國西北部的蘭州方言進(jìn)行對比,集中考察東鄉(xiāng)語和蘭州方言中恭維言語行為實(shí)施部分的句法策略和附加部分的言語行為策略。本研究的目的在于記錄東鄉(xiāng)語實(shí)施恭維言語行為的策略,總結(jié)東鄉(xiāng)語實(shí)施恭維的語用特點(diǎn),為保護(hù)和傳承我國瀕危語言盡微薄之力。 本研究的研究對象均為土生土長的操東鄉(xiāng)語和蘭州方言的本族人。研究步驟分為訪談,語境設(shè)計(jì),角色扮演并全程錄像錄音,DCT問卷設(shè)計(jì),預(yù)測,預(yù)測問卷修改以及問卷定稿。問卷定稿后,在翻譯的幫助下,進(jìn)行大范圈的問卷調(diào)查。研究者隨機(jī)選擇東鄉(xiāng)鎖南壩鄉(xiāng)民和皋蘭縣鄉(xiāng)民各260名為受試,分為四組(青年女性-青年女性,青年女性-老年女性,老年女性-青年女性,老年女性-老年女性)。其中,青年女性130名(年齡均在18-30歲之間),老年女性130名(年齡均在55歲以上)。最后得到240份有效答卷,然后根據(jù)有效問卷對數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析和討論。 本研究的研究問題是(1)年齡對東鄉(xiāng)族女性實(shí)施恭維的語用策略是否有影響?如果有,有何影響?(2)年齡對東鄉(xiāng)族女性和蘭州漢族女性在實(shí)施恭維的語用策略的影響是否存在異同,如果有,有何異同?(3)權(quán)勢對東鄉(xiāng)族女性選用實(shí)施恭維的語用策略是否有影響?如果有,有何影響?(4)權(quán)勢對東鄉(xiāng)族和蘭州漢族女性實(shí)施恭維的語用策略的影響是否存在異同,有何異同? 研究結(jié)果表明：(1)年齡因素對東鄉(xiāng)族女性實(shí)施恭維的語用策略有影響。她們普遍喜歡使用陳述句實(shí)施恭維,但老年恭維老年時(shí)使用陳述句的次數(shù)比恭維青年多,而老年恭維青年使用感嘆句的頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于恭維老年。青年恭維老年時(shí)很少使用感嘆句,而恭維青年時(shí)使用感嘆句的頻率較高。在附加策略方面,東鄉(xiāng)族老年女性和青年女性均傾向于使用原因策略恭維,但老年使用原因策略頻率更高；青年恭維老年時(shí)使用最頻繁的是原因策略,而恭維青年時(shí)使用最頻繁的是詢問策略； (2)年齡因素對東鄉(xiāng)族女性和蘭州漢族女性實(shí)施恭維言語行為的語用策略影響存在異同。東鄉(xiāng)族女性和漢族女性在實(shí)施恭維部分選用的策略均有明顯差異；在六種附加策略中,組1(東鄉(xiāng)族老年女性-東鄉(xiāng)族老年女性)和組a(漢族老年女性-漢族老年女性)使用評價(jià)策略和詢問策略差異不顯著,其余血種附加策略使用方面均存在差異；組2(東鄉(xiāng)族老年女性-東鄉(xiāng)族青年女性)和組b(漢族老年女性-漢族青年女性)在感謝策略和評價(jià)策略方面無明顯差異,其余有四種附加策略的使用均有顯著差異；組3(東鄉(xiāng)族青年女性-東鄉(xiāng)族老年女性)和組c(漢族青年女性-漢族老年女性)與組4(東鄉(xiāng)族青年女性-東鄉(xiāng)族青年女性)和組d(漢族青年女性-漢族青年女性)在承諾策略和對比策略無差異,其它附加策略的使用差異明顯。 (3)權(quán)勢的高低對東鄉(xiāng)族女性實(shí)施恭維的語用策略有影響。權(quán)勢強(qiáng)的恭維者對權(quán)勢弱的被恭維者實(shí)施恭維多采用陳述句；權(quán)勢弱的恭維者對權(quán)勢強(qiáng)的被恭維者實(shí)施恭維時(shí)傾向于使用感嘆句。在附加策略方面,權(quán)勢的高低對使用感謝策略和詢問策略方面無明顯影響,其它策略的使用均受到權(quán)勢的影響。 (4)權(quán)勢對東鄉(xiāng)族女性和蘭州漢族女性實(shí)施恭維的語用策略的影響存在異同。在實(shí)施恭維部分中,權(quán)勢的高低對選用陳述句實(shí)施恭維的影響無顯著差異；但對選用感嘆句實(shí)施恭維的影響存在明顯差異；在附加部分中,權(quán)勢的高低對兩個(gè)民族女性使用對比策略,評價(jià)策略的影響存在顯著差異。但權(quán)勢的高低對她們使用感謝策略實(shí)施恭維的影響不存在顯著性差異； 總之,年齡和權(quán)勢對東鄉(xiāng)族女性實(shí)施恭維策略均有影響,且這兩個(gè)因素對東鄉(xiāng)族女性和漢族女性實(shí)施恭維策略的影響存在異同。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)恭維語跨文化差異源于社會(huì)文化和宗教差異,恭維言語行為具有顯明的文化特征：文末對此進(jìn)行了分析討論。
[Abstract]:This study mainly examines whether age and power factors will affect Dongxiang women's compliment speech behavior strategies, and explore its cultural background. At the same time, it compares the similarities and differences of the pragmatic strategies of Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women in the implementation of compliments, and explores the reasons for these similarities and differences. According to Brahm card. The method of Blum-Kulka and Shton (1984) (1984), this study uses the "complete conversation" (DCT) to collect the natural corpus, and then carries out a systematic analysis. Compliment speech acts are divided into three parts: address, compliment and additional parts. The factual compliments include three kinds of "speaking angles"; that is, the speaker's angle, the hearer's angle. Degree and no angle; also includes two "implementation strategies", namely, the syntax (Wei Wan) strategy and the vocabulary (1987) strategy.BrownLevmson (1987) to threaten the severity of the face of the three factors. "The relationship between the speaker and the listener, the relative power between the speaker and the listener and the size of the.BrownLevinson (198)." 7) the evaluation of cultural context and social variables in different cultural backgrounds is different. According to this, this study compares the endangered language (Dongxiang language) and the Lanzhou dialect of the same place in the northwest of China with the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and concentrates on the syntactic strategy and attachment of the compliment speech act implementation part of Dongxiang and Lanzhou dialects. The purpose of this study is to record the strategies for the implementation of compliments in the Dongxiang language, and to summarize the pragmatic features of the compliment in the Dongxiang language, so as to protect and inherit the endangered language of our country.
The subjects of this study were native speakers of native speakers of Dongxiang language and Lanzhou dialect. The research steps were divided into interviews, context design, role playing and full video recording, DCT questionnaire design, prediction, revised questionnaire and questionnaire. The machine selected 260 people in Dongxiang lock Nan dam and Gaolan County, which were divided into four groups (young women - young women, young women - old women, old women - young women, old women - old women). Among them, 130 young women (all aged 18-30 years old) and 130 aged women (aged over 55 years old). Finally, 240 An effective answer is then analyzed and discussed according to the effective questionnaire.
The research questions are (1) does age affect Dongxiang women's pragmatic strategies for compliments? If there is, what is the influence? (2) whether there is a difference in the influence of age on Dongxiang women and Lanzhou Han women in the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies, if there are any similarities and differences? (3) the power of power is to be applied to the women of Dongxiang. Do pragmatic strategies have an impact? If so, what are the effects of it? (4) is there any similarities and differences between the influence of power on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for the Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women, and what are the similarities and differences?
The results show that: (1) age factors have an impact on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for women in Dongxiang. They generally prefer to use declarative sentences to carry out compliments, but the number of declarative sentences in old age compliments is more than that of compliments, and the frequency of exclamatory sentences for elderly compliments is far higher than that of compliments. The frequency of exclamatory sentences is higher than the use of exclamations. In addition, the elderly women and young women in Dongxiang tend to use the reason strategy to compliment, but the frequency of the use of the reasons is higher; the most frequent use is the cause strategy for the young people who compliment the elderly, and the most frequent use of the compliments is the youth. Inquiry strategy;
(2) there are similarities and differences between age factors and the pragmatic strategies of compliment speech behavior in Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women. There are significant differences in the strategies for the implementation of compliments in Dongxiang and Han women. Among the six additional strategies, group 1 (Dongxiang elderly women, Dongxiang elderly women) and group A (elderly women of Han nationality) The use of evaluation strategy and inquiry strategy is not significant, and there are differences in the use of additional strategies for the rest of the blood. Group 2 (Dongxiang elderly women - Dongxiang young women) and group B (Han elderly women - Han young women) have no significant differences in the strategy and evaluation strategy, the other four additional strategies There are significant differences in the use of group 3 (Dongxiang young women - Dongxiang elderly women) and group C (Han young women - Han elderly women) and group 4 (Dongxiang young women - Dongxiang young women) and group D (Han young women - Han young women) in commitment strategy and contrast strategy, the use of other additional strategies is distinct. Obvious.
(3) the high and low powers of power have an influence on the pragmatic strategies of compliments for the women of the Dongxiang nationality. The powerful compliments adopt compliments to the weak compliments, and the weak compliments tend to use exclamatory sentences when the powerful and powerful compliments use compliments. There is no obvious influence on strategy and strategy, and the use of other strategies is affected by power.
(4) there are similarities and differences between the influence of power on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for the women of Dongxiang and the Han women in Lanzhou. In the implementation of compliments, there is no significant difference in the influence of compliments on the selection of declarative sentences. However, there are obvious differences in the influence of compliments on the selection of exclamatory sentences; in the additional part, the height of power is two There are significant differences in the impact of the evaluation strategy, but there is no significant difference in the influence of their use of the compliments.
All in all, age and power have an impact on the implementation of compliment strategies for women in Dongxiang, and there are similarities and differences between the two factors affecting the compliment strategies of Dongxiang and Han women. This study finds that the cross cultural differences of compliments originate from the cultural and religious differences, and the compliment speech acts have obvious cultural characteristics. The analysis and discussion were carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H233;H172.2

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