本文選題：極性敏感性 + 極量負(fù)極詞　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：極性是指命題情態(tài)的肯定和否定傾向。極性敏感詞一般分為正極詞和負(fù)極詞,正極詞典型分布在肯定句中,負(fù)極詞則典型分布在否定句中。具有極量的詞語容易成為極性詞語,本文中,我們把具有極量的負(fù)極詞稱為“極量負(fù)極詞”。 極量負(fù)極詞常用于否定句和疑問句,如表示極小量金錢的“一個子兒”可以分別被否定句“他首付一個子兒都沒向家里要。”和疑問句“誰拿了他一個子兒?”允準(zhǔn)。 當(dāng)極量負(fù)極詞用于疑問句時表示反問,暗含否定含義,如后一例句隱含“誰也沒拿他一個子兒”的否定含義。 本文吸納了關(guān)聯(lián)理論、雙向優(yōu)選論、梯級邏輯和信息論等有關(guān)理論的思想,從句法、語義、語用、認(rèn)知等層面對極量負(fù)極詞在問句中的使用這一言語現(xiàn)象進行多角度剖析。本文整合了關(guān)聯(lián)理論和雙向優(yōu)選論,構(gòu)擬了一個雙向關(guān)聯(lián)模型,試解答極量負(fù)極詞與可以允準(zhǔn)它們的反問句之間的允準(zhǔn)關(guān)系中包含的七個主要問題： (1)問話人在問句中使用極量詞語的語用目的是什么? (2)問話人為何不使用量化域中的其他量級的詞語? (3)問話人如何選擇詞語的極量值? (4)極量負(fù)極詞構(gòu)建反問句時適合哪些博弈語境? (5)如何推導(dǎo)問句的否定含義? (6)當(dāng)問話人使用含有極量負(fù)極詞的反問句時,交際參與者在博弈情景中是如何進行互動的? (7)有些極量負(fù)極詞不僅可用于疑問句,而且可用于否定句、有否定含義的語句、條件句、比較句等其它語境,如何對極量負(fù)極詞與可以允準(zhǔn)其分布的各種語境之間的允準(zhǔn)關(guān)系做出統(tǒng)一的解釋? 本文主要從雙向關(guān)聯(lián)的角度解釋問話人要在反問句中使用極量負(fù)極詞和理解者把這樣的問句理解成反問句而不是求信問句的理由。本文認(rèn)為問話人使用極量負(fù)極詞是與他想要獲得最有說服力的證據(jù)和加強語氣的意圖相關(guān)的。聽話人是在啟動了量值與概率構(gòu)成的單調(diào)函數(shù)關(guān)系和最佳相關(guān)的語境假設(shè)的前提下才領(lǐng)會了問句隱含的否定意義。 本文的理論意義如下： 第一,對極量負(fù)極詞在問句中使用的研究是極性詞研究中較少涉及的一個方面,本文的研究有助于更加系統(tǒng)地解釋極性詞在各種句法環(huán)境下的分布。 第二,現(xiàn)代漢語反問句的研究中較少涉及極性詞這一部分,本文也是對于現(xiàn)代漢語反問句研究的一個有益補充。 第三,本文結(jié)合了以梯級邏輯和信息熵為代表的西方極性詞相關(guān)理論、關(guān)聯(lián)理論和博弈論等理論,構(gòu)建了新的雙向關(guān)聯(lián)模型,在理論上有所創(chuàng)新。 本文章節(jié)安排如下： 第1章,緒論。 第2章,文獻綜述。 第3章,雙向關(guān)聯(lián)模型。 第4章,極量負(fù)極詞被問句允準(zhǔn)理由的雙向關(guān)聯(lián)分析。 第5章,結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Polarity refers to the positive and negative tendencies of propositional modality. Polarity sensitive words are generally divided into positive word and negative word. The dictionary type of positive pole is distributed in positive sentence, while negative word is typically distributed in negative sentence. Words with extreme amount are easy to be polar words. In this paper, we call negative words with extreme quantity "extreme negative words". Extreme negative words are often used in negative and interrogative sentences, such as "one child", which indicates a minimum amount of money, may be negated separately. "he pays a down payment without asking for a penny from his family." And the question, "who took a penny of him?" Permission. When extreme negative words are used in interrogative sentences, they imply negative meanings, such as the negative meaning of "no one takes a child". In this paper, relevance theory, bidirectional selection theory, cascade logic and information theory are adopted to analyze the use of extreme negative words in question from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and other aspects. In this paper, we combine relevance theory with bidirectional optimal selection theory, construct a bidirectional relevance model, and try to solve the seven main problems in the permissive relationship between extreme negative words and the rhetorical questions that can permit them. (1) what is the pragmatic purpose for the interrogator to use the maximum amount of words in the question? Why don't interrogators use other orders of magnitude in the quantification domain? 3) how do interrogators choose the maximum value of words? (4) which game context is suitable for the construction of rhetorical questions with extreme negative polar words? 5) how to deduce the negative meaning of question? (6) how do communicative participants interact in game situations when interrogators use rhetorical questions with extreme negative words? (7) some extreme negative words can be used not only in interrogative sentences, but also in negative sentences, statements with negative meanings, conditional sentences, comparative sentences and other contexts, How to make a unified interpretation of the permitted relation between the extreme negative polar words and the various contexts in which they can be allowed to distribute? This paper mainly explains the reasons why interrogators should use extreme negative words in rhetorical questions and that such questions should be interpreted as rhetorical questions rather than trust questions from the point of view of bidirectional relevance. This paper argues that the interrogator's use of extreme negative words is related to his desire to obtain the most convincing evidence and the intention to reinforce the tone. The hearer understands the negative meaning of the question only on the premise of initiating the monotone function relation between the quantity and the probability and the hypothesis of the best correlation context. The theoretical significance of this paper is as follows: First, the study on the use of extreme negative polar words in question sentences is a less involved aspect in the study of polarity words. The research in this paper is helpful to explain the distribution of polar words in various syntactic environments. Second, polarity words are rarely involved in the study of rhetorical questions in modern Chinese, which is also a useful supplement to the study of rhetorical questions in modern Chinese. Thirdly, this paper combines the theory of correlation of western polarity words, relevance theory and game theory, which is represented by cascade logic and information entropy, to construct a new two-way relevance model, which is innovative in theory. This section is organized as follows: Chapter 1, introduction. Chapter 2, literature review. Chapter 3, two-way correlation model. Chapter 4, the bidirectional correlation analysis of the permitted reasons of the extreme negative words. Chapter 5, conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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