本文選題：if條件句 + “如果”條件句�。� 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：充分條件假言判斷的語言形式,在英語中主要表現(xiàn)為if條件句,在漢語中與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的通常被認(rèn)為是由“如果”引導(dǎo)的“如果”假設(shè)句,其分類和句法結(jié)構(gòu)一直受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本研究將從新的角度出發(fā),以原型范疇理論為基礎(chǔ),將英漢條件句范疇分為原型與非原型條件句,分別對(duì)其進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,并對(duì)產(chǎn)生這些異同點(diǎn)的原因給予一定的解釋與說明。 英漢條件句中主從句間都可以表達(dá)多種語義關(guān)系,這表現(xiàn)了條件句多義性的特點(diǎn)。而原型范疇理論在分析一詞多義性方面一直有較大的解釋力。因此結(jié)合原型范疇理論以及對(duì)條件句的界定,首先找出了條件句原型所具有的屬性,即主分句之間的充分條件關(guān)系,因果致使關(guān)系,邏輯上的真值對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系和語義相關(guān)性,從句事態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間早于主句事態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間的先后順序關(guān)系以及所表現(xiàn)出的從句在前主句在后的語序特征。英漢原型條件句都可分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句,只是區(qū)分上漢語“如果”原型條件句沒有if原型條件句時(shí)態(tài)后移的方式那么明確,漢語主要通過時(shí)間直指詞和“態(tài)”的變化來表現(xiàn)反事實(shí)的假設(shè),并且由于漢語條件句主句中沒有類似if條件主句的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞"will",無法區(qū)分表示習(xí)慣性的條件句和預(yù)告性的條件句。 另一方面,英漢條件句范疇中均有條件句偏離原型屬性,而成為原型范疇中的非原型成員,這是英漢兩種語言中的共有特點(diǎn),即“非真正的條件”都可以成為“條件”而進(jìn)入到條件句范疇中,這主要是由于人們對(duì)“條件”認(rèn)識(shí)上的普遍模糊性,即“條件”是一個(gè)模糊變量以及共通的轉(zhuǎn)喻擴(kuò)展認(rèn)知機(jī)制的作用,以言語行為的內(nèi)容代替了整個(gè)言語行為。不過在具體語言表現(xiàn)形式中,與英語if相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語表達(dá)有“如果”和“如果說”兩種情況。 英漢條件句范疇中均存在原型條件句以及以原型為參照點(diǎn)向外輻射擴(kuò)展的非原型條件句,主從句間可以表達(dá)出多種“非真正條件”的語義關(guān)系,這屬于跨語言的共性。同時(shí),在主從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞使用、語序等方面,英漢條件句也存在相異之處。這是對(duì)英漢條件句不同角度的詮釋和探究,有助于從深層次認(rèn)識(shí)條件句,增加對(duì)條件句的理解。
[Abstract]:The linguistic form of sufficient conditional hypothetical judgment is mainly expressed as if conditional sentence in English, and in Chinese, the corresponding language form is usually regarded as "if" led by "if" supposition sentence. Its classification and syntactic structure have been concerned by scholars at home and abroad. From a new perspective and on the basis of prototype category theory, this study makes a contrastive analysis of the categorization of English and Chinese conditional sentences as archetypal and non-prototype conditional sentences, and gives some explanations and explanations to the causes of these similarities and differences. Both English and Chinese conditional sentences can express a variety of semantic relations, which shows the characteristics of conditional sentences' polysemy. The archetypal category theory has great explanatory power in analyzing the polysemy of the word. Therefore, based on the prototype category theory and the definition of conditional sentence, this paper first finds out the properties of conditional sentence prototype, that is, the sufficient conditional relation between main clauses, causality, logical true value correspondence and semantic correlation. The sequence relation of the state of affairs of clause earlier than that of the subject and the word order characteristic of the clause after the subject. English and Chinese archetypal conditional sentences can be divided into real conditionals and non-real conditionals, but the distinction between the Chinese "if" prototype conditionals is not as clear as the way in which if archetypal conditionals move backward in the tense of the if archetypal conditional sentences. Chinese mainly expresses the supposition of counterfact by the change of time direct reference word and "state", and because there is no modal verb "will" similar to if conditional subject in the subject of Chinese conditional sentence, it is impossible to distinguish the conditional sentence which indicates habitual and the predicative conditional sentence. On the other hand, conditional sentences in the category of English and Chinese conditional sentences deviate from the archetypal attribute and become non-archetypal members in the category of prototypes, which is a common feature in both English and Chinese. That is, "non-real condition" can become "condition" and enter the category of conditional sentence, which is mainly due to the general ambiguity of people's understanding of "condition". That is, "condition" is a fuzzy variable and a common metonymy extended cognitive mechanism, replacing the whole speech act with the content of speech act. However, in specific linguistic expressions, the Chinese expressions corresponding to English if are "if" and "if said". There are prototype conditionals in English and Chinese conditional sentences and non-prototype conditionals which radiate outward with archetypal reference points, which can express the semantic relations of "non-real conditions" between principal and subordinate sentences, which belong to the cross-linguistic commonness. At the same time, there are differences between English and Chinese conditional sentences in the use of related words and word order. This is the interpretation and exploration of English and Chinese conditional sentences from different angles, which is helpful to understand conditional sentences from a deeper level and to increase their understanding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H314;H146

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