本文選題：積極話語分析評價理論　切入點：《中國日報》和《紐約時報》　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：媒體語篇作為一種社會實踐是各種意識形態(tài)和各類政策權(quán)力相互作用的產(chǎn)物，同時也反映了不同的文化背景和政策制度，因此是話語分析者長期關(guān)注和研究的主要對象。Martin及其同事所倡導(dǎo)的積極話語分析理論，要在過于重視批評的批判話語之外建立一種積極的建構(gòu)視角來分析話語。由于積極話語分析是一種新的理論，很多研究仍然局限于積極話語的理論知識。即使有關(guān)于新聞報道的積極話語分析，研究的范圍也限于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治領(lǐng)域，很少有體育新聞方面的研究，同時很多對比分析僅限于兩篇報道并不能揭示不同國家的新聞?wù)Z篇中蘊含的意識形態(tài)。因此，本文選用《紐約時報》和《中國日報》中關(guān)于倫敦奧運會的20篇報道進(jìn)行積極話語分析對比研究，以期為積極話語分析的發(fā)展打開一個新的局面。 本文以Fairclough的語篇分析三維模式（“描寫”—“闡釋”—“解釋”）為主要理論框架。但由于三維模式的抽象性，，研究需要借助Halliday的系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)。而本文所用到的具體分析工具是在對系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)在人際意義方面發(fā)展起來的評價理論，以此來發(fā)掘出語篇中可以協(xié)商的各種態(tài)度以及結(jié)合特定的社會文化背景和對外政策對話語層次的選擇進(jìn)行了解釋，揭示了新聞?wù)Z篇中蘊含的意識形態(tài)意義。 本文通過20篇倫敦奧運會報道的積極話語分析得出《中國日報》和《紐約時報》的相似和不同。相似點：《中國日報》和《紐約時報》都給予倫敦奧運會肯定，同時兩份報紙在報道的過程中都基本遵循了新聞報道的原則，都比較客觀。不同點：一、通過態(tài)度系統(tǒng)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)《紐約時報》比《中國日報》更突出人的個性及行為，而《中國日報》比《紐約時報》更注重情感因素。這種差異性在于不同的宗教和思維模式。二、通過介入系統(tǒng)和極差系統(tǒng)的分析得出相同的結(jié)論:由于美國和中國對外政策的不同，美國主張孤立主義和擴(kuò)張主義而中國提倡和諧共處，因此《中國日報》比《紐約時報》更愿意容納其他立場。 本論文共分六章。第一章為引言，包括本論文的研究背景、目標(biāo)、意義以及文章的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)。本論文的研究目的是：1.為新聞報道積極話語的對比分析找到一種可行有效的方法。2.通過評價系統(tǒng)分析《紐約時報》和《中國日報》的相似性和區(qū)別。3.分析不同產(chǎn)生的原因。第二章為文獻(xiàn)綜述。第三章闡述了用于文中積極話語分析的理論框架：采取Fairclough的語篇分析三維模式為主要框架，借助評價理論為具體分析工具。在這個模型的引導(dǎo)下，第四章呈現(xiàn)具體的研究設(shè)計，包括重申研究問題，提出研究方法、數(shù)據(jù)的收集和篩選、指出研究工具以及具體的研究步驟。第五章從評價理論的三大次系統(tǒng)——態(tài)度、介入和級差三方面進(jìn)行定量和定性分析相結(jié)合的分析方式。首先從《中國日報》和《紐約時報》的網(wǎng)頁上搜集語料，然后篩選出滿足條件的20篇報道并對其進(jìn)行分析。通過數(shù)據(jù)的分析以及例子的論證，本章從宗教、思維模式以及外交政策方面總結(jié)了《紐約時報》和《中國日報》的差異。本文最后一章是對論文的總結(jié)，歸納和解釋了評價理論中三大次系統(tǒng)的分析結(jié)果，同時指出本論文中的不足之處，在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出了此研究的發(fā)展方向。 總之，本文在一套簡單實用的積極話語分析方法的指導(dǎo)之下，通過對《中國日報》和《紐約時報》中20篇新聞報道的分析和研究擴(kuò)大了積極話語分析的研究范圍，以期為現(xiàn)行的積極話語分析作一個有益的補充。
[Abstract]:The media discourse as a social practice is the product of all kinds of ideology and various policy power interaction, but also reflects the different cultural background and policy system, so is the main object of.Martin discourse analysts long-term attention and research and his colleagues advocated positive discourse analysis theory, to construct a positive perspective based on in addition to pay too much attention to critical discourse criticism discourse analysis. Due to the positive discourse analysis is a new theory, a lot of theoretical knowledge research is still limited to positive discourse. Even if there is a positive analysis about news discourse, the research scope is limited to the economic and political fields, there is little research in sports news, and many comparative analysis of only two reports did not reveal the news discourse from different countries contained in ideology. Therefore, this paper selects the "New York Times" and " The 20 reports on the London Olympic Games in China Daily have carried out a comparative study of positive discourse analysis in order to open a new situation for the development of positive discourse analysis.
Based on the textual analysis of Fairclough 3D model ("description" and "interpretation", "explanation") as the main theoretical framework. But because the abstraction of the three-dimensional model, research needs the help of Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. The analysis tools used in this paper is in the system of functional linguistics in the interpersonal meaning of development the appraisal theory, in order to explore negotiation in discourse and combined with the specific social and cultural background and the foreign policy of the discourse understanding, revealed the news discourse contains ideological significance.
The 20 London Olympic Games positive discourse analysis of news reports that China < > and < > the daily New York Times similar and different. Similarities: < > and < > China daily New York Times have given London Olympic Games certainly, also two newspapers in the process of reporting basically followed the news principle objectively at different points: first, through the study of the attitude system of New York Times than China > < < that > daily more prominent personality and behavior of people, and China Daily > < < > than New York Times pay more attention to emotional factors. The difference lies in the different religions and thinking mode. Two, through the analysis of engagement system and range system come to the same conclusion: because the foreign policy of the United States and the United States China, advocated isolationism and expansionism and Chinese advocating harmonious coexistence, so < Chinese < > > daily than New York Times are more willing to hold other positions.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, including the research background, the goal and the significance, content and structure. The purpose of this paper is: 1. news reports comparing positive discourse analysis to find a feasible and effective method of.2. by the similarity and difference between the.3. analysis of the causes of differences in analysis < > and < > China New York Times daily evaluation system. The second chapter is literature review. The third chapter expounds the theoretical framework for the positive discourse analysis: a discourse analysis of Fairclough 3D model as the main framework, with the help of the evaluation theory as the analysis tool. In this model under the guidance of the fourth chapter presents the research design specific, including reiterating the research problem, puts forward the research method, data collection and screening, research tools and research pointed out the specific steps. The fifth chapter from the three subsystems of appraisal theory-- Analysis of attitude, engagement and graduation of three aspects of the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Firstly, from < > and < > Chinese daily New York Times website to collect corpus, and then screened 20 reports to meet the conditions and carries on the analysis. Through the analysis of the data and examples of evidence, this chapter from the religion. Mode of thinking and foreign policy summed up the difference < > and < > New York Times Chinese daily. The last chapter is a summary of the thesis, summarizes and explains the analysis results of the three subsystems of appraisal theory, this paper also points out the deficiencies, on this basis, put forward the development direction of this research.
In conclusion, this paper analysis the guidance in a simple and practical positive discourse, through the analysis and Research on < > and < > China daily New York Times in 20 news reports expanded the scope of the study positive discourse analysis, in order to make a useful complement to the existing positive discourse analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H315;H15;G212

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