本文關鍵詞： 程度副詞 形容詞 語義 句法 語用　出處：《江西師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：“非常”、“異常”、“格外”、“分外”是現(xiàn)代漢語程度副詞中使用頻率較高的一組詞。根據(jù)來源不同,我們把這組程度副詞分成兩類:“非�！薄ⅰ爱惓！笔怯尚稳菰~性短語演變而來的程度副詞;“格外”、“分外”是由名詞和方位詞“外”構成的短語演變而來的程度副詞。一般情況下,它們可以互換使用,也不違法語法規(guī)則。但從語料考察中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩組詞在語義、句法、語用方面有著許多差異,甚至同一類型內(nèi)部,在這三方面也存在著差異。本文從共時平面比較它們在現(xiàn)代漢語中語義、語法、語用方面的差異:(1)句法方面:本文從“非�！�、“異�！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”修飾動詞、修飾形容詞、修飾名詞、與否定詞共現(xiàn)、修飾動賓短語、修飾聯(lián)合短語、修飾連謂短語、修飾數(shù)量短語,以及與比較結構共現(xiàn)這幾個方面的功能,對這四個詞進行比較分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)這四個詞在組合能力和充當句法功能的能力均有差異。(2)語義方面:語義的差異與句法位置的差異息息相關,本文對“非�！薄ⅰ爱惓！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”在修飾一般動詞、修飾名詞、單獨充當句法成分(主、謂、賓)、修飾聯(lián)合短語、與比較結構共現(xiàn)中這四個詞的程度副詞義和形容詞義之間的差異進行比較分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在不同用法中表示不同的語義。(3)語用方面:本文從語體色彩、情感色彩、使用頻率這三個方面比較分析“非�！薄ⅰ爱惓！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”在語用方面的差異。其中“非�！眱A向于口語中使用,而其他三個詞傾向于書面語中使用�！爱惓！眱A向于表示消極的情感色彩,而“非�！眲t傾向于表示積極的情感色彩,“格外”、“分外”沒有明顯的情感色彩傾向。使用頻率上,“非常”在這四個詞中站絕對優(yōu)勢。同時,本文從歷時演變過程中去探究這些差異產(chǎn)生的原因。即現(xiàn)代漢語普通話中“非�！�、“異�！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”的用法都是它們各自歷史發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,從歷時的角度看,每一種用法的存在都有它的歷史原因。
[Abstract]:"very", "unusual", "extra" and "extra" are a group of words used frequently in adverbs of degree in modern Chinese. We divide this set of degree adverbs into two categories: "extraordinary", "abnormal" is an adverb of degree derived from adjective phrases, "extra", "extra" is a degree adverb derived from phrases composed of nouns and locative words "outside". They can be used interchangeably and do not violate grammatical rules. However, we find from the corpus that there are many differences between the two groups in terms of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, even within the same type. There are also differences in these three aspects. This paper compares their semantic, grammatical and pragmatic differences in modern Chinese from the synchronic plane: from the aspects of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" modifier verb, modifier adjective, Modifying nouns, co-occurrence with negative words, modifying verb-object phrases, modifying joint phrases, modifying connective phrases, modifying quantitative phrases, and co-existing with comparative structures. A comparative analysis of the four words shows that there are differences in the combination ability and the ability to act as syntactic functions in the four words: the semantic differences are closely related to the differences in syntactic positions. In this paper, "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" in modifying general verbs, modifying nouns, and acting alone as syntactic components (subject, predicate, object, modifier, modifier, etc.). The differences between the degree adverbs and adjective meanings of the four words in the comparative structure are compared and analyzed. It is found that they represent different semantics in different usages.) pragmatic aspects: this paper focuses on stylistic colors, affective colors, and affective colors. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the pragmatic differences between "very", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extra" in the three aspects of frequency of use, in which "very" tends to be used in oral English. The other three words tend to be used in written language. "abnormal" tends to indicate negative emotional color, "very" tends to show positive emotional color, "extra" and "extra" have no obvious emotional color tendency. In terms of frequency of use, "very" has an absolute advantage in these four words. At the same time, This paper explores the causes of these differences in the course of diachronic evolution, that is, the usage of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extraordinary" in modern Chinese mandarin is the product of their respective historical development, and from a diachronic point of view, Every usage exists for a historical reason.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H136

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本文編號：1545319