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《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》詞綴比較研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-31 12:06

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 詞綴 詞綴化傾向 構(gòu)詞能力 比較 出處:《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:漢語(yǔ)屬于語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)中的孤立語(yǔ),沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格意義上的形態(tài)變化,其主要的語(yǔ)法手段是語(yǔ)序和虛詞。詞綴是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)這樣的屈折語(yǔ)而言的語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ),但是,在漢語(yǔ)中確實(shí)也存在著詞綴這樣一種現(xiàn)象。詞綴作為漢語(yǔ)中的重要語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)有很久的歷史。《詩(shī)經(jīng)》里早已出現(xiàn),如“有、其、然、如、爾”等。之后又產(chǎn)生了一些新的詞綴,如“生、個(gè)、底、老、阿、子、兒”等。這些詞綴,在漢語(yǔ)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,有的消失了,有的卻仍活躍在今天的漢語(yǔ)中,常見(jiàn)的如“老、子、頭、兒”等。詞綴作為一種重要的構(gòu)詞手段,在漢語(yǔ)的發(fā)展歷程中有著非常重要的地位。 關(guān)于詞綴研究的文章很多,也取得了豐碩的成果,不過(guò)存在的分歧也不少?v觀這些研究,都是針對(duì)某個(gè)或是某些詞綴現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)總結(jié)的。因?yàn)闆](méi)有固定的范圍,研究就比較松散,規(guī)范性不強(qiáng),很難得到清晰的思路和認(rèn)識(shí)。如果以辭典為語(yǔ)料,對(duì)詞綴及其構(gòu)詞情況進(jìn)行詳盡地統(tǒng)計(jì),,就會(huì)對(duì)詞綴方面的問(wèn)題有更清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。 本文著重研究的是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的詞綴,選擇了兩本非常具有代表性的辭典《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》(1957年影印本)和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》(2005年版)作為語(yǔ)料,將兩本辭書(shū)中的詞綴進(jìn)行整體概貌描寫(xiě)和計(jì)量反映,然后對(duì)兩本辭書(shū)中的詞綴及其構(gòu)詞情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,考察現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴在這段歷史時(shí)期的發(fā)展演變狀況,尋求其發(fā)展變化的規(guī)律。 論文共分為七個(gè)部分: 第一部分是緒論部分,主要介紹了本文的選題理由、研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究?jī)r(jià)值,對(duì)本文的研究難點(diǎn)和研究方法進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。 第二部分是詞綴概述,主要包括詞綴研究述評(píng)和關(guān)于詞綴,對(duì)詞綴的研究狀況進(jìn)行了分時(shí)期梳理,比較了各家在詞綴名稱、定義和判定方面的不同,并提出了自己在詞綴判定方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第三部分是《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》詞綴描寫(xiě)及分析,主要對(duì)《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》中的四個(gè)前綴、十四個(gè)后綴,從詞綴的演變歷史、詞綴類型、詞綴的搭配范圍及構(gòu)詞數(shù)量等方面進(jìn)行了詳盡的統(tǒng)計(jì)與描寫(xiě)。 第四部分是《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》詞綴描寫(xiě)及分析,主要對(duì)《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中的四個(gè)前綴,十二個(gè)后綴,從詞綴類型、詞綴的搭配范圍及構(gòu)詞數(shù)量等方面進(jìn)行了詳盡的統(tǒng)計(jì)與描寫(xiě)。 第五部分是《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》詞綴比較分析,主要分析了兩本辭書(shū)中詞綴的變化,主要表現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面:詞綴成員的變化、詞綴類型的變化、詞綴搭配范圍的變化、詞綴構(gòu)詞數(shù)量的變化、詞綴構(gòu)詞色彩的變化。 第六部分是《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》詞根的詞綴化傾向分析,主要通過(guò)對(duì)“非、準(zhǔn)、性、化、家、迷”等詞素在《國(guó)語(yǔ)辭典》和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中的變化探討詞根的詞綴化傾向。 第七部分是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,對(duì)文章的研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究成果進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并對(duì)不足之處進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。
[Abstract]:Chinese is an isolated language in typology, and there is no change in form in strict sense. Its main grammatical means are word order and function words. Affixes are grammatical terms for flexion and translation such as English, but. As an important grammatical phenomenon in Chinese, affixes have a long history. The Book of songs has appeared in the Book of songs for a long time, such as "yes, its, however, such as." After that, some new affixes have emerged, such as "Sheng, Zhi, Bu, Lao, Ah, Zi, er," and so on. Some of these affixes have disappeared in the course of the development of Chinese, while others are still active in today's Chinese. Affixes, as an important means of word-formation, play a very important role in the development of Chinese. There are a lot of articles on affix research, but there are still a lot of differences. Because there is no fixed scope, the research is relatively loose, normative is not strong, it is difficult to get clear ideas and understanding. If the dictionary as a corpus. Detailed statistics of affixes and their word-formation will give a clearer understanding of affix problems. This paper focuses on affixes in modern Chinese. Two very representative dictionaries, Mandarin Dictionary (1957 photocopy) and Modern Chinese Dictionary (2005 Edition) were selected as the corpus. The affixes in the two dictionaries are described and measured, then the affixes and their word-formation in the two dictionaries are compared and analyzed to investigate the development and evolution of affixes in modern Chinese in this historical period. Seek the law of its development and change. The thesis is divided into seven parts: The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the reason, the research content and the research value of this paper, and gives a brief explanation of the research difficulties and research methods. The second part is an overview of affixes, mainly including a review of affix research and about affixes, the research situation of affixes has been sorted out in different periods, and the differences in the names, definitions and judgments of affixes have been compared. And put forward their own standards in the determination of affixes. The third part is the description and analysis of affixes in Mandarin Dictionary, mainly about the four prefixes and fourteen suffixes in Mandarin Dictionary, from the evolution history of affixes and the types of affixes. The collocation range and word formation quantity of affixes are analyzed and described in detail. The 4th part is the description and analysis of affixes in Modern Chinese Dictionary, mainly on the four prefixes and twelve suffixes in Modern Chinese Dictionary, from the affix types. The collocation range and word formation quantity of affixes are analyzed and described in detail. The 5th part is a comparative analysis of affixes in Mandarin Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary. It mainly analyzes the changes of affixes in the two dictionaries, mainly in four aspects: the changes of affix members and the changes of affix types. The change of affix collocation range, the number of affix word formation, the change of affix formation color. The 6th part is the analysis of the affixing tendency of the roots of the Mandarin Dictionary and the Modern Chinese Dictionary, mainly through the analysis of "right, right, sex, transformation, home". The changes of morphemes in Mandarin Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary discuss the tendency of affixing of roots. The 7th part is the conclusion part, summarizes the research content and the research result, and explains the deficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:H146;H164

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