本文關(guān)鍵詞：“三”和“three”的語(yǔ)法化對(duì)比分析　出處：《長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：語(yǔ)法化這一概念是由國(guó)外引進(jìn)的。語(yǔ)法化作為一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),最早由法國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Meillet提出,指的是自主詞向語(yǔ)法成分轉(zhuǎn)化的一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。語(yǔ)法化是基于人們的認(rèn)知能力,與人們的主觀性有關(guān),主要指從實(shí)詞到虛詞的演變。它的研究主要內(nèi)容包括三個(gè)方面:一是實(shí)詞虛化研究;二是語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法化和語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)法化研究;三是命題圖示與時(shí)體標(biāo)記,句式構(gòu)造語(yǔ)法化。語(yǔ)法化是語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究過(guò)程中的重要理論和思路,目前語(yǔ)法化的研究也有了極大的發(fā)展。另外,語(yǔ)法化研究范圍比當(dāng)初的實(shí)詞虛化研究更為廣泛,內(nèi)容更為豐富,方法更為多樣。目前對(duì)于數(shù)詞語(yǔ)法化的研究還不為多見(jiàn),中英對(duì)比分析更是少之又少,所以做這項(xiàng)研究是具有必要性的。通過(guò)“san”和“three”的語(yǔ)法化對(duì)比研究,在一定程度上豐富了數(shù)詞語(yǔ)法化內(nèi)容,為日后的相關(guān)研究提供一定的參考�！叭迸c“three”在文學(xué)作品以及人類日常生活中頻繁出現(xiàn),使用的領(lǐng)域也十分廣泛。它們?cè)谟h雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)與英漢互譯中通常都是被看作意義相等同的兩個(gè)數(shù)詞來(lái)使用。特別是漢語(yǔ)中的“三”,通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多與其原本意義不相同的用法�！叭焙汀皌hree”在哲學(xué)中都是具有神圣意義的詞,雖然很多哲學(xué)家關(guān)于“三”和“three”的本意已經(jīng)有過(guò)深刻的研究,但從語(yǔ)法化角度的研究卻是鳳毛麟角,而英漢對(duì)比研究就更加缺乏先例。所以對(duì)其作出系統(tǒng)詳細(xì)語(yǔ)法化對(duì)比研究具有比較重要的意義。本論文通過(guò)“三”和“three”的語(yǔ)法化對(duì)比研究,分析二者的相同點(diǎn)與不同點(diǎn),對(duì)掌握漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)之間的不同之處,熟悉漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的不同特征具有重要意義,為語(yǔ)言的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用提供幫助,同時(shí)對(duì)英漢雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)以及英漢互譯也可以起到一定的參考作用。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),“三”與“three”有類似的發(fā)展軌跡和機(jī)制,它們?cè)谧畛醵急硎緮?shù)目。然而,經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程,為滿足表達(dá)方面的需要,就逐漸有了其它的意義。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,隱喻過(guò)程作為認(rèn)知心理和演變機(jī)制起到了很重要的作用,二者在語(yǔ)義擴(kuò)展和語(yǔ)用功能上基本相同。然而,兩者在語(yǔ)法化后的程度和意義卻大相徑庭。在從實(shí)指到虛指的過(guò)程中,“三”被作為一種計(jì)量單位,也就是事成于三;“three”被用來(lái)表達(dá)極限或者極端的意思。在虛指到虛指的過(guò)程中,“三”產(chǎn)生了很多意思,“三”作為形容詞可以表示“多數(shù)”,“少數(shù)”,“多次”,以及“長(zhǎng)和短”;“three”用于表達(dá)“多數(shù)”和“少數(shù)”的比較多,數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及“三”。在更加虛化的過(guò)程中,“三”轉(zhuǎn)化成指示代詞,尤其是在“A三B四”的結(jié)構(gòu)里,表示“這”或者“那”;“three”已經(jīng)演變成了詞綴“tri-”,它的語(yǔ)法化程度要高于“三”。這些結(jié)果的產(chǎn)生受很多因素的影響。不同國(guó)家、地域間使用的語(yǔ)言雖然多種多樣,但都具有相似的特征。因?yàn)槿祟愖陨頁(yè)碛邢囝愃频恼J(rèn)知心理和認(rèn)知方法,所以不同的語(yǔ)言在一些方面是相似并相通的可能性非常大。然而,漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)所屬語(yǔ)系不同,漢語(yǔ)屬漢藏語(yǔ)系,英語(yǔ)屬印歐語(yǔ)系日耳曼語(yǔ)族西支,其不同之處自然很多。漢語(yǔ)是一種分析型語(yǔ)言,依靠語(yǔ)序和虛詞把詞語(yǔ)組合成句子。相反,英語(yǔ)是綜合型語(yǔ)言,詞綴的不同變化形式非常重要。漢語(yǔ)為了表達(dá)的需要經(jīng)常使一些詞出現(xiàn)新的意義,或出現(xiàn)一種新的搭配方式。再來(lái)看英語(yǔ),變換詞綴就可以解決所有表達(dá)方面的問(wèn)題。此外,中西方迥異的文化背景和歷史進(jìn)程對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)化也有著十分重要的影響。
[Abstract]:The concept of grammaticalization is introduced from abroad. Grammaticalization is used as a term, first raised by the French linguist Meillet, referring to a linguistic phenomenon of the transformation of independent words to grammatical elements. Grammaticalization is based on people's cognitive ability, related to people's subjectivity, mainly refers to the evolution from the notional word to function word. The main content of it includes three aspects: one is the grammaticalization research; two is the discourse grammar study and pragmatic grammaticalization; three is the proposition of schema and aspect markers, syntactical grammaticalization. Grammaticalization is an important theory and thought in the study of linguistics. At present, the study of grammaticalization has also developed greatly. In addition, the syntax of the scope of the study than the original grammaticalization research is more extensive, richer, more diverse methods. At present, the research on the normalization of the number of words is not much, and the comparative analysis between China and Britain is less and less, so it is necessary to do this research. Through the comparative study of "grammar of San" and "three", to a certain extent the number of Grammalicalization content, provide a reference for the related research on the. "Three" and "three" are frequently used in literary works and human daily life, and are widely used in the field. In both English and Chinese bilingual teaching and English Chinese translation, they are usually used as two numerals, which are regarded as equal in meaning. In particular, "three" in Chinese, often there are many uses that are different from their original meaning. "Three" and "three" are all sacred words in philosophy. Although many philosophers have had a deep study of the meaning of "three" and "three", the research from the perspective of grammaticalization is very rare. So it is of great significance to make a systematic and grammaticalization comparison. This paper through the comparative study of "grammaticalization three" and "three" analysis, two of the same and different points, to grasp the differences between Chinese and English, has important meaning familiar with the characteristics of Chinese and English, to provide help for the proper use of language, but also can play a certain reference role on the bilingual teaching and English Chinese translation. It has been found that "three" and "three" have similar development trajectories and mechanisms, which initially represent the number. However, through a long process of grammaticalization, in order to meet the needs of expression, there are other meanings gradually. In this process, the metaphorical process plays an important role as the cognitive psychology and the evolution mechanism, and the two are basically the same in the semantic extension and the pragmatic function. However, the degree and significance of the two are different after grammaticalization. In the process from the real to the virtual, "three" is used as a unit of measurement, that is, three; "three" is used to express the meaning of extreme or extreme. In virtual refers to the process of virtual means, "three" has many meanings, "three" as an adjective can be said that "most", "minority", "times", and "long and short"; "three" is used to express the "majority" and "minority" more, far less than the number of "three". In the process of more emptiness, "three" is transformed into the demonstrative pronoun, especially in the structure of "A three B four", which means "this" or "Na". "Three" has evolved into the affix "tri-", its grammaticalization degree is higher than "three". The production of these results is influenced by many factors. Although the languages used in different countries and regions are varied, they all have similar characteristics. Because human beings own similar cognitive psychology and cognitive methods, different languages are very likely to be similar and interconnected in some ways. However, the Chinese and English language families are different. Chinese belongs to the Chinese Tibetan language family, and the English belongs to the West Branch of the Germanic Germanic language family of the Indo European language family. Chinese is an analytical language, which combines word order and function word into sentences. On the contrary, English is a comprehensive language, and the different forms of affixes are very important. Chinese in order to express the needs of some words often make new meaning, or appear a new way of collocation. Look at English again. Changing affixes can solve all the problems of expression. In addition, the different cultural backgrounds and historical processes in China and the West have a very important influence on the evolution of language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H314

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