【摘要】：弗朗西斯·培根是英國文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的一位巨匠，在科學(xué)、哲學(xué)、法學(xué)、文學(xué)諸多領(lǐng)域都頗有建樹。他最重要的文學(xué)作品《隨筆集》，被視為英國散文的開端，也對后世英國文學(xué)具有重大影響。 培根的《隨筆集》之所以在文學(xué)史上占有主要地位，一方面是由于它的內(nèi)容充分體現(xiàn)了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義思想，另一方面是由于其獨(dú)特的修辭技巧和散文風(fēng)格，標(biāo)志著當(dāng)時(shí)英國散文的最高成就。為了具體說明培根的《隨筆集》在思想和藝術(shù)方面的特點(diǎn)，本文試圖從辨析人文主義的內(nèi)涵入手，著重分析培根的古典人文修養(yǎng)，探討他獨(dú)特的修辭技巧和散文風(fēng)格。 本文的緒論部分，簡要介紹了培根的人生經(jīng)歷和他的《隨筆集》的寫作過程，概述了國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界對《隨筆集》的研究現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上，確定了本文所要探討的主要問題和研究思路。 第一章辨析了“人文主義”、“人文學(xué)者”和“人文學(xué)科”等概念的來龍去脈。人文主義的興起，主要得益于人文學(xué)者對古希臘羅馬傳承下來的人文學(xué)科的研究。本文借鑒了西方學(xué)者的研究成果，認(rèn)為當(dāng)時(shí)的人文學(xué)者主要是通過“古典的”和“文學(xué)的”兩種人文學(xué)科，來體現(xiàn)自己的價(jià)值和理想的。所謂“古典的”是通過對古典文獻(xiàn)的學(xué)術(shù)研究來推動整個(gè)人類文明的復(fù)興的；所謂“文學(xué)的”則是通過文學(xué)形式來傳播人文主義思想。 第二章討論培根的論說方式和古代修養(yǎng)，尤其是通過對《隨筆集》中所援引的古希臘羅馬文獻(xiàn)的詳細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)，，具體分析了培根的古典人文修養(yǎng)。由此表明，這些古典文獻(xiàn)不僅成為培根重要的思想資源，也使他的論說更加充實(shí)和厚重。正是由于大量援引古典文獻(xiàn)，使培根的《隨筆集》更加具有人文主義色彩，體現(xiàn)了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代的鮮明特點(diǎn)。 第三章主要探討培根的修辭技巧和散文風(fēng)格。在《隨筆集》中，培根使用了大量的比喻，閃爍了一代哲人的天才想象和智慧。這一點(diǎn)并非偶然，而是修辭學(xué)在當(dāng)時(shí)人文學(xué)科中倍受關(guān)注密切相關(guān)的。本文在詳細(xì)分析了培根的比喻手段后，追溯了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期人文主義與修辭學(xué)的關(guān)系，也探討了羅馬修辭學(xué)家西塞羅和塞內(nèi)加對英國散文風(fēng)格的影響。我們可以說，培根的隨筆是兼取西塞羅和塞內(nèi)加之長，又根據(jù)自己的特殊才能加以改造和發(fā)揮，從而在散文創(chuàng)作中開辟了一條自己的道路，創(chuàng)造了自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格。 本文在結(jié)語部分強(qiáng)調(diào)，正是文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動的時(shí)代精神，促進(jìn)了這一時(shí)期散文創(chuàng)作的繁榮，其中尤以法國的蒙田和英國的培根為杰出代表。如果說古典文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究，為培根的隨筆提供了觀察人生和思考問題的思想資源，那么，當(dāng)時(shí)修辭學(xué)研究的豐富成果，則為培根提供了多種修辭技巧，從而也有助于形成培根獨(dú)特的散文風(fēng)格。
[Abstract]:Francis Bacon is an English Renaissance master who has made great achievements in the fields of science, philosophy, law and literature. His most important literary works, Essays, are regarded as the beginning of English prose and have a great influence on later English literature. The main reason why Bacon's collection of essays occupies a major position in the history of literature is that, on the one hand, its contents fully reflect the humanism of the Renaissance, on the other hand, it is due to its unique rhetorical skills and prose style. It marks the highest achievement of English prose at that time. In order to explain the characteristics of Bacon's essay collection in thought and art, this paper attempts to analyze Bacon's classical humanistic accomplishment and his unique rhetorical skills and prose style from the point of view of distinguishing and analyzing the connotation of humanism. In the introduction of this paper, the author briefly introduces Bacon's life experience and the writing process of his essay Collection, and summarizes the current research situation of the essay Collection in domestic academic circles. On this basis, the main problems and research ideas are determined. The first chapter distinguishes the origin of the concepts of humanism, humanities scholar and humanities subject. The rise of humanism is mainly due to the study of the humanities inherited from ancient Greece and Rome. This paper draws lessons from the research results of western scholars and holds that the humanities scholars at that time mainly embodied their own values and ideals through the two humanities disciplines of "classical" and "literary". The so-called "classical" is to promote the revival of the entire human civilization through the academic study of classical literature, while the so-called "literary" is to spread humanism through the literary form. The second chapter discusses Bacon's argumentation and ancient cultivation, especially through the detailed statistics of ancient Greek and Roman literature cited in the essay Collection, and analyzes Bacon's classical humanistic cultivation. It shows that these classical documents not only become an important ideological resource of Bacon, but also enrich and enrich his theory. It is precisely because of a large number of references to classical literature that Bacon's anthology of essays is more humanist and embodies the distinctive characteristics of the Renaissance. Chapter three mainly discusses Bacon's rhetorical skills and prose style. In the essay, Bacon uses a lot of metaphors and flashes the genius imagination and wisdom of a generation of philosophers. This is not accidental, but rhetoric was closely related to the humanities at that time. After analyzing Bacon's metaphorical means in detail, this paper traces the relationship between humanism and rhetoric in the Renaissance, and discusses the influence of Cicero and Seneca on the style of English prose. We can say that Bacon's essays take both Cicero and Seneca's strong points, and transform and exert them according to his special ability, thus opening up his own way and creating his own unique style in his prose writing. In the conclusion, this paper emphasizes that it was the spirit of the Renaissance that promoted the prosperity of prose writing in this period, especially Montaigne in France and Bacon in England. If the discovery and study of classical literature provides Bacon's essays with an ideological resource for observing life and thinking about problems, then the rich achievements of rhetoric studies at that time provided Bacon with a variety of rhetorical skills. It also helps to form Bacon's unique prose style.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.076

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：2389108