【摘要】：《歷史人物》(1975)是英國(guó)著名學(xué)者、學(xué)院小說(shuō)作家馬爾科姆·布拉德伯里的代表作，此書自出版以來(lái)受到廣泛關(guān)注和好評(píng)。在這部小說(shuō)中，布拉德伯里塑造了一個(gè)激進(jìn)而自私的社會(huì)學(xué)教授,通過(guò)他的故事反映了戰(zhàn)后校園知識(shí)分子空虛、墮落的生活狀態(tài)，傳達(dá)了作家的社會(huì)批評(píng)意識(shí)�！稓v史人物》實(shí)際上揭示了當(dāng)代知識(shí)分子的真實(shí)面目，他們已經(jīng)漸漸褪去了自身原有的那份“魅力”，顯現(xiàn)出他們的精神荒原。道德危機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和自身魅力的消失使得校園知識(shí)分子這一特殊群體失去了自產(chǎn)生以來(lái)一直特有的追求精神，也體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)身在其中的知識(shí)分子這個(gè)階層的焦慮。 學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)精神生態(tài)以及知識(shí)分子理論的研究由來(lái)已久，如魯樞元、朱利安·本達(dá)等，也不乏用精神生態(tài)和知識(shí)分子理論對(duì)文學(xué)文本的分析，關(guān)于《歷史人物》也有一定的研究。本文以《歷史人物》為研究對(duì)象，運(yùn)用精神生態(tài)及知識(shí)分子理論，從學(xué)術(shù)、道德、精神三個(gè)層面，對(duì)小說(shuō)中的當(dāng)代知識(shí)分子的精神與道德危機(jī)進(jìn)行探討。 在學(xué)術(shù)方面，《歷史人物》中的霍華德迎合大眾世俗的口味，將學(xué)術(shù)商業(yè)化，把學(xué)術(shù)看成是取得商業(yè)成功的工具，失去了知識(shí)分子自由獨(dú)立的精神；而弗勞拉將學(xué)術(shù)生活化，把學(xué)術(shù)看成了生活的一部分，利用學(xué)術(shù)滿足自己的欲望，使學(xué)術(shù)失去了它的嚴(yán)肅性。相反，亨利在學(xué)術(shù)方面嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)正規(guī)，卻被邊緣化，得不到大家的認(rèn)可。被邊緣化的何止是個(gè)體，還有他所代表的學(xué)術(shù)精神。 在道德方面，，霍華德堪稱利用別人的惡棍。他的感情世界一片荒蕪，私人生活非常腐敗，體現(xiàn)了個(gè)人道德上的肉欲主義傾向。他對(duì)學(xué)生對(duì)朋友沒(méi)有愛(ài)護(hù)關(guān)心，反而利用他們，滿足私欲。弗勞拉也拿著做研究的名義滿足自己的私欲，使道德具有功利主義傾向。而道德端正的亨利卻老是受傷，成為社會(huì)道德敗壞和他者化的犧牲品，與上面兩個(gè)使自己受制于欲望和異化道德的家伙形成對(duì)照。 知識(shí)分子在學(xué)術(shù)和道德上的異化導(dǎo)致了他們精神方面的異化。《歷史人物》中的知識(shí)分子變成了體制的迎合者，失去了獨(dú)立自由精神，同時(shí)也缺失了批判精神。而知識(shí)分子精神的缺失導(dǎo)致大學(xué)精神的式微。 本文通過(guò)分析《歷史人物》中知識(shí)分子學(xué)術(shù)、道德和精神的異化，反應(yīng)了作家所處時(shí)代人們內(nèi)心的空虛、墮落、瘋狂和荒謬。
[Abstract]:Historical figures (1975) is the masterpiece of Malcolm Bradbury, a famous British scholar and academic novelist. In this novel, Bradbury portrays a radical and selfish professor of sociology who, through his story, reflects the emptiness and depravity of postwar campus intellectuals. Historical figures actually reveal the true features of contemporary intellectuals, who have gradually lost their original "charm" and revealed their spiritual wasteland. With the emergence of moral crisis and the disappearance of its own charm, the special group of campus intellectuals has lost its unique pursuit spirit since its emergence, and it also reflects the anxiety of the intellectuals in the school. The academic circles have been studying the spiritual ecology and intellectual theory for a long time, such as Lu Shuyuan, Julian Bender and so on, and there is no lack of the analysis of literary texts with spiritual ecology and intellectual theory, and there is also some research on Historical people. Based on the theory of spiritual ecology and intellectuals, this paper discusses the spiritual and moral crisis of contemporary intellectuals in the novel from three aspects: academic, moral and spiritual. On the academic side, Howard in Historical figures caters to the mundane tastes of the masses, commercializing it as a tool for commercial success and losing the intellectual spirit of freedom and independence. Regard the academic as a part of life, use it to satisfy one's own desire, make the academic lose its seriousness. Henry, on the other hand, was scholarly rigorous, but marginalized and unrecognized. The marginalized are not only individuals, but also the academic spirit he represents. In moral terms, Howard can be regarded as the use of other people's villains. His emotional world is desolate and his private life is very corrupt, reflecting his personal moral carnal tendencies. Instead of caring for his friends, he took advantage of them to satisfy his desires. Flora also took the name of doing research to satisfy his own selfish desire, so that morality has a utilitarian tendency. But the moral Henry is always injured, become the victim of social moral deterioration and otherness, in contrast to the above two who subject themselves to desire and alienation of morality. The intellectual's dissimilation in the academic and moral aspects leads to their spiritual alienation. The intellectuals in Historical figures become the pander to the system, lose the spirit of independence and freedom, and at the same time, they also lack the spirit of criticism. The lack of intellectual spirit leads to the decline of university spirit. By analyzing the intellectual's academic, moral and spiritual alienation, this paper reflects the emptiness, depravity, madness and absurdity of the writer's time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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