【摘要】：威廉·�？思{(William Faulkner,1897一1962)是二十世紀(jì)美國(guó)南方最杰出的小說(shuō)家之一,他的作品以“那一塊郵票般大小的土地”為背景,真實(shí)而深刻地反映了美國(guó)南方社會(huì)的文化和歷史�！缎鷩W與騷動(dòng)》是福克納的第四部小說(shuō),同時(shí)也是他的第一部成名作。自從1929年出版以來(lái),深受廣大文學(xué)讀者的喜愛(ài)。 到目前為止,已有許多相關(guān)的研究成果從各種不同的角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的解讀,如從敘事學(xué)、闡釋學(xué)、心理分析、后殖民主義、原型批評(píng)、女性主義等各個(gè)方面。但是很少有評(píng)論家從哲學(xué)的角度深入探討�？思{所傳遞的合理的時(shí)間觀,且大多評(píng)論僅局限于對(duì)個(gè)別人物的時(shí)間觀的分析,而缺乏整體的把握。因此,本論文試圖從生命哲學(xué)視角解讀�？思{的杰作《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》,深刻挖掘時(shí)間觀對(duì)生命歷程的影響。同時(shí),本論文不僅從人物層面,而且從文體學(xué)層面包括文章的結(jié)構(gòu),以及語(yǔ)言的變異等方面全方位地展現(xiàn)�？思{是如何深受法國(guó)哲學(xué)家柏格森生命哲學(xué)思想的影響。 全文共由五部分構(gòu)成: 第一部分簡(jiǎn)要介紹�？思{和其主要的文學(xué)成就,對(duì)《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》進(jìn)行總體介紹,回顧該作品的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并論及本文的可行性和重要性。 第二部分主要介紹本論文的理論支撐點(diǎn)。在回顧生命哲學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程,介紹生命哲學(xué)的集大成者—柏格森的哲學(xué)的同時(shí),著重介紹本論文的理論依據(jù),即柏格森生命哲學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容—綿延說(shuō)。 第三部分運(yùn)用柏格森的綿延理論從人物層面,著重分析小說(shuō)中四個(gè)最具代表性的人物,即班吉、昆丁、杰生和迪爾西,闡述他們對(duì)待生活,對(duì)待時(shí)間的不同態(tài)度,從而剖析不同的時(shí)間觀對(duì)他們?nèi)松臎Q定性影響。這四個(gè)人物中,班吉混淆現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去,昆丁沉湎于過(guò)去而無(wú)視現(xiàn)在,杰生無(wú)視過(guò)去卻醉心于現(xiàn)在,這樣的時(shí)間觀使得他們?nèi)颂幱跇O不平衡的綿延之中,從而導(dǎo)致了他們的悲劇生活。而只有迪爾西相信,現(xiàn)在中包含著過(guò)去,也孕育著未來(lái),她勇敢地接受現(xiàn)實(shí),不沉湎于過(guò)去。因此,只有她能夠處理好過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的關(guān)系,處于平衡的綿延之中,從而擁有樂(lè)觀積極的生活。 第四部分主要從文體學(xué)層面出發(fā),指出�？思{不僅在人物性格塑造上遵循著柏格森的哲學(xué)思想,而且在小說(shuō)文體風(fēng)格上也體現(xiàn)出柏格森的思想。首先是錯(cuò)置的時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu),其次是語(yǔ)言的變異,這些藝術(shù)技巧都很好地反映出�？思{深受柏格森生命哲學(xué)思想的影響。 第五部分為結(jié)論部分。結(jié)論指出福克納的《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》在人物思想意識(shí)(內(nèi)容)和文體學(xué)層面(形式)確實(shí)受到柏格森生命哲學(xué)的影響,這也體現(xiàn)出�？思{的時(shí)間觀:人們的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)三個(gè)維度其實(shí)是密不可分的。我們的意識(shí)和生活每時(shí)每刻都在改變,勇敢面對(duì)過(guò)去,學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)變化,活在當(dāng)下,走向未來(lái),這樣我們才會(huì)處于和諧的綿延之中,才會(huì)擁有美好的人生。如果拒絕變化,固步自封或者忽視其中的任何一個(gè)維度,都將遭受毀滅。最后,筆者給出了此研究可能存在的不足之處,并且對(duì)以后從事這方面研究的學(xué)者提出了一些建議。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner (1897-1962) is one of the most outstanding novelists in the twentieth century in the South of the United States. His works reflect the culture and history of Southern American society truly and profoundly with the background of "that piece of land the size of a stamp." Sound and Fury is Faulkner's fourth novel and his first. Since it was published in 1929, it has been well liked by many literary readers.
Up to now, many related research achievements have been interpreted in detail from various perspectives, such as narratology, hermeneutics, psychoanalysis, post-colonialism, archetypal criticism, feminism and so on. Most of the reviews are limited to the analysis of individual characters'view of time and lack of overall grasp. Therefore, this paper attempts to interpret Faulkner's masterpiece "Sound and Fury" from the perspective of philosophy of life, and to explore the influence of the view of time on the course of life. Faulkner is deeply influenced by the French philosopher Bergson's philosophy of life.
The full text consists of five parts:
The first part briefly introduces Faulkner and his main literary achievements, gives a general introduction to The Sound and the Fury, reviews the research status of this work at home and abroad, and discusses the feasibility and importance of this paper.
The second part mainly introduces the theoretical support point of this paper. While reviewing the development course of philosophy of life and introducing Bergson's philosophy, the master of philosophy of life, the theoretical basis of this paper, that is, the core content of Bergson's philosophy of life, the theory of continuity.
The third part uses Bergson's theory of continuity to analyze the four most representative characters in the novel, namely Bangui, Quentin, Jason and Dilcey, elaborates their different attitudes towards life and time, and thus analyzes the decisive influence of different views on time on their lives. In the past and in the past, Quentin indulges in the past and ignores the present, while Jason is obsessed with the present. This view of time makes the three of them in a very unbalanced continuity, which leads to their tragic life. Only Dilcey believes that the present contains the past and pregnant with the future. She bravely accepts the reality and does not indulge in it. In the past, therefore, only she can handle the relationship between the past, the present and the future well, in a balanced stretch, thus having an optimistic and positive life.
The fourth part, from the stylistic point of view, points out that Faulkner not only follows Bergson's philosophical thought in characterization, but also embodies Bergson's thought in the style of the novel. Firstly, the time structure is misplaced, and secondly, the variation of language. All these artistic techniques reflect Faulkner's deep love for Bergson. The influence of Sen's philosophy of life.
The fifth part is the conclusion. The conclusion points out that Faulkner's Sound and Fury is influenced by Bergson's philosophy of life at the ideological (content) and stylistic (form) levels of characters, which also reflects Faulkner's view of time: the past, present and future dimensions of people are inseparable. Every moment is changing, facing the past bravely, learning to adapt to change, living in the present, moving towards the future, so that we will be in harmony, will have a good life. And put forward some suggestions for scholars who are engaged in research in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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