本文關(guān)鍵詞：《推銷員之死》的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：阿瑟米勒是美國(guó)最具影響力的劇作家之一。他的代表作之一《推銷員之死》于1949年在紐約首演成功后,震驚了整個(gè)美國(guó)戲劇界。同時(shí)也在國(guó)內(nèi)外評(píng)論界引起了一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論。國(guó)內(nèi)各類期刊上共發(fā)表近多篇有關(guān)阿瑟米勒和《推銷員之死》的論文。而這些論文多是《推銷員之死》中所體現(xiàn)出的美國(guó)夢(mèng)的破滅以及阿瑟米勒的現(xiàn)代悲劇觀的研究,以及從表現(xiàn)技巧角度探討《推銷員之死》的文章,并沒有系統(tǒng)而又全面地分析戲劇中的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義手法。因此,本文試圖從現(xiàn)實(shí)主義戲劇特點(diǎn)分析作品,從現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)角度,舞臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)和語言使用上尋求理論支撐,進(jìn)一步證明《推銷員之死》是一出現(xiàn)實(shí)主義戲劇。第一,從批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的角度以及社會(huì)背景來闡述闡述現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。而在該劇中,阿瑟·米勒米勒花了一個(gè)半月寫出的《推銷員之死》,揭露了“美國(guó)夢(mèng)的疵點(diǎn)”,被譽(yù)為“美國(guó)夢(mèng)不再”的代表作,該劇通過對(duì)其主角“威利·羅曼”強(qiáng)烈迷信美國(guó)的資本主義,想要出人頭地,但最后卻因利欲熏心走向滅亡的事實(shí),客觀地、如實(shí)地,反映了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活。第二,從人物的性格特色、語言特色以及舞臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)方面來闡述《推銷員之死》的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。劇作家真實(shí)地塑造威利這個(gè)人物的形象,威利的事業(yè)的失敗對(duì)其打擊很大,使他的美國(guó)之夢(mèng)破滅。此外,他兩個(gè)兒子的墮落、彷徨,促使威利走向絕境的客觀原因之一。他操勞一生,夢(mèng)想兩個(gè)兒子子會(huì)“出人頭地”,到頭來卻是一場(chǎng)空。這本身就是對(duì)威利的沉重打擊。所有的這一切自然都是那個(gè)社會(huì)的真實(shí)寫照。密勒劇作的特點(diǎn)是“重分析”,也就是對(duì)人物心理活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的剖析。 本文包含五部分,除引言和結(jié)論外共分為三章。 第一章主要描寫人物的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。重點(diǎn)從威利作為一名普通的美國(guó)人,他有自己的夢(mèng)想,從他的事業(yè)和家庭角度來分析其現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。 第二章主要描寫劇中語言的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的特點(diǎn),從五個(gè)方面論述現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色語言。這幾種語言包括：心理對(duì)話,引用,口語化的語言,有選擇性的現(xiàn)實(shí)語言和隱喻的語言等。 第三章主要分析了劇中舞臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。從舞臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu),場(chǎng)景轉(zhuǎn)換,音樂,燈光以及虛擬的場(chǎng)景再現(xiàn)等方面來探究舞臺(tái)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義特色。 通觀全劇,劇作家在大幕打開之后,就已經(jīng)把主人公置于絕望的邊緣,并讓他在第二幕結(jié)尾處開車自殺,在這中間,正是把筆力集中于揭示威利在自殺之前的內(nèi)心歷程。其個(gè)性化的語言讓我們體會(huì)到人物的在特定歷史條件下的特色。具有選擇性的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義語言現(xiàn)實(shí)主義語言仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的語言,但這往往只是一種錯(cuò)覺,臺(tái)上的對(duì)話并不就是人們生活中的對(duì)話,須知“戲劇是一種選擇的藝術(shù)”,劇作家選擇情節(jié)、人物、布景等等,語言自然也出自其選擇,要體現(xiàn)人物性格、人物關(guān)系,要體現(xiàn)主題思想,推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展。該劇通過將各種各樣的場(chǎng)景設(shè)計(jì)和用現(xiàn)實(shí)主義手法,為現(xiàn)實(shí)空間簡(jiǎn)單的布景創(chuàng)造出完美的效果。場(chǎng)景包括一個(gè)郊外后院、一個(gè)曼哈頓餐館、一間在波士頓的賓館房間和—個(gè)墓地。這部劇具有創(chuàng)新布景的效果將影響21世紀(jì)的美國(guó)劇本創(chuàng)作和舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)。其舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)完美設(shè)計(jì)給人們提供了更加精細(xì)的細(xì)節(jié),并使得布景成為“真實(shí)的”的環(huán)境,其真實(shí)性令觀眾感到驚訝。在該劇中將真實(shí)的空間和虛擬的空間相結(jié)合推動(dòng)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。在劇中,阿瑟米勒刻畫了美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的一個(gè)為了自己和孩子將一生奉獻(xiàn)給美國(guó)夢(mèng)的小人物。阿瑟米勒對(duì)主人公威利客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的描寫。真實(shí)再現(xiàn)了威利這一具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義人物形象。
[Abstract]:Arthur Miller is one of the most influential American playwright. One of the "death of a salesman on his masterpiece in 1949 premiere in New York, shocked the whole American theater. While domestic and foreign critics have also caused a heated argument. All kinds of domestic journals were published in many articles about Arthur Miller and the salesman" death > papers. Which is much research on modern tragedy embodied in "death of a salesman > in the disillusionment of the American dream and Arthur Miller's view, and this article" death of a salesman from the perspective of performance skills ", and there is no systematic and comprehensive analysis of the drama realism. Therefore, this paper try to analyze the works from the realistic drama, from the perspective of literary realism, seek the theoretical support of stage design and language use, further proof of" death of a salesman "is a realistic drama First, from the perspective of critical realism and social background of this paper and the features of realism. In the play, Arthur Milmil took the death of a salesman > < one and a half months to write, to expose the defect of the American Dream ", known as" American dreams no longer ", through the play of the the protagonist of" Wiley Roman "strong superstitious American capitalism, but in the end because want to rise head and shoulders above others, the demise of reckless with greed facts, objectively, truthfully, reflects the social life at that time. Second, from the character features, realistic features of language features and stage design aspects of" death of a salesman. "The playwright truly shaped the character of Wiley's image of Wiley, the cause of the failure of a great shock, which shattered his dream of America. In addition, his two sons fallen, helpless, prompted Wiley to despair One of the objective reasons. He worked hard all his life, dreams of the two son ", in the end will rise head and shoulders above others is futile." this is a heavy blow to Wiley. All of this is a true portrayal of the natural characteristics of society. Miller's "re analysis", it is the analysis of characters psychological activities.
This paper consists of five parts, which is divided into three chapters except the introduction and the conclusion.
The first chapter mainly describes the realistic characteristics of the characters. From Wiley's point of view as a common American, he has his own dream and analyzes his realistic characteristics from his career and family perspective.
The second chapter mainly describes the characteristics of realism in the drama, and discusses realistic language from five aspects. These languages include: psychological dialogue, quotation, colloquial language, selective real language and metaphorical language.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the realism features of stage design in the drama, and explores the realistic characteristics of stage from aspects of stage structure, scene transformation, music, lighting and virtual scene reproduction.
In the play, after the curtain opened the playwright, is the protagonist in the edge of despair, and let him drive at the end of Dutch act in the second act, in the middle, it is the focuses on revealing the history of Wiley in the heart Dutch act before. Personalized language allows us to be in the specific historical conditions the characteristics of the characters. The selective realism realism language language parody of real-life language, but this is just an illusion, on the stage of the dialogue is not the people living in the dialogue, "notes drama is an art of choice", select the playwright plot, characters, scenery and so on, natural language from the choice, to reflect the character, the relationship between the characters, to embody the theme to promote the development of the plot. The show will be through a variety of scene design and realism, realistic space for the simple background Create the perfect effect. The scene consists of a suburban backyard, a Manhattan restaurant in Boston, a hotel room and a cemetery. It has the effect of setting innovation will affect the United States in twenty-first Century. The script writing and performing arts stage art perfect design to provide more detail to the people. And make the scenery as a "real" environment, its authenticity was surprised the audience. The combination and promote the development of the story in the drama in real space and virtual space. In the play, Arthur Miller created a life for themselves and their children will be dedicated to the people of the American dream in the reality of American society Arthur Miller Wiley of the protagonist of objective reality description. A true representation of the Wiley this realistic characters.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.073

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本文編號(hào)：1361172