本文選題：《狼圖騰》 + 《白牙》��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著人類文明的不斷進(jìn)步以及人口的迅速膨脹,自然環(huán)境的壓力越來(lái)越大。尤其是工業(yè)革命以來(lái),人類為了追求財(cái)富,為了滿足私欲,不斷地征服自然,改造自然,瘋狂地向自然索取。姜戎和杰克·倫敦都意識(shí)到了人類應(yīng)該對(duì)自然負(fù)責(zé),他們的作品都體現(xiàn)了對(duì)文明以及人與自然關(guān)系的思考。本文將比較兩人的作品《狼圖騰》和《白牙》,分析作品生態(tài)思想的異同及其成因。全文分為引言,四個(gè)章節(jié)和結(jié)論。 引言：簡(jiǎn)要介紹姜戎的《狼圖騰》以及杰克·倫敦的《白牙》；概述比較文學(xué)理論及生態(tài)批評(píng)理論；總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究?jī)刹孔髌返默F(xiàn)狀,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出自己的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。 第一章：背景知識(shí),概述姜戎和杰克·倫敦的生活經(jīng)歷和社會(huì)背景對(duì)其創(chuàng)作的影響。兩位作家都到過(guò)荒涼偏僻的邊疆地區(qū)。在這些地區(qū),他們接觸了狼,并且有著極深的愛(ài)狼情結(jié)。兩個(gè)人都生活在革命時(shí)代并受到了革命的影響。姜戎響應(yīng)文化大革命上山下鄉(xiāng)的號(hào)召,從大城市來(lái)到草原,杰克·倫敦則厭倦工業(yè)革命后的生活,跟隨淘金大軍來(lái)到了克朗代克。 第二章：自然書(shū)寫(xiě),《狼圖騰》和《白牙》中有大量關(guān)于自然的描寫(xiě),關(guān)注自然是生態(tài)文學(xué)的特征。兩部作品都刻畫(huà)了荒原惡劣的生存環(huán)境,講明了生存對(duì)于每種生物都不容易的事實(shí),揭示了人與動(dòng)物相互殺害又相互依存的哲理。兩部作品都書(shū)寫(xiě)了生機(jī)勃勃的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),狼的重要性以及生態(tài)破壞的危險(xiǎn)性。 第三章：人與自然,人與自然的關(guān)系包括人類中心主義和生物中心主義。人類中心主義在《狼圖騰》中體現(xiàn)在對(duì)草原的開(kāi)墾和對(duì)動(dòng)物的殘殺,在《白牙》中體現(xiàn)在對(duì)白牙的虐待。與人類中心主義相對(duì)的生物中心主義則體現(xiàn)在相反的一面。杰克·倫敦和姜戎的作品反映了生態(tài)發(fā)展的不同時(shí)期。杰克·倫敦提倡保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)利,這是生態(tài)初級(jí)階段。姜戎號(hào)召保護(hù)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這是生態(tài)的成熟階段。 第四章：文明與荒野,《狼圖騰》和《白牙》對(duì)文明的批判主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)人類欲望和科技的批判,人類無(wú)限的欲求導(dǎo)致了自然資源的破壞和枯竭,科技的不當(dāng)使用則加速了這一進(jìn)程。草原人沒(méi)有那么多的欲望和高科技,其民族傳統(tǒng)思想蘊(yùn)含著深刻的生態(tài)哲理。 結(jié)論：總結(jié)全文,再次指出《狼圖騰》和《白牙》的生態(tài)思想的異同,以及姜戎和杰克·倫敦生態(tài)意識(shí)的異同。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization and the rapid expansion of the population , the pressure of the natural environment becomes more and more great . Especially since the industrial revolution , in order to satisfy the desires , to conquer nature , to reform the nature and to change the nature and to the nature . Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature . Both Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature , their works reflect the similarities and differences of the ecological thoughts of the works and their causes . The whole text is divided into three parts , namely , introduction , four chapters and conclusions .



Introduction : A brief introduction of Jiang Rong ' s Wolf Totem and Jack London ' s tooth whitening teeth ;
The theory of comparative literature and the theory of ecological criticism are summarized .
This paper summarizes the present situation of two works at home and abroad , and puts forward its own innovation points on this basis .



Chapter One : Background knowledge , outlining the impact of the life experience and social background of Jiang Rong and Jack London on his creation . Both writers have come to the remote frontier . In these areas , they are in contact with wolves and have a profound love of wolves . Both people live in the revolutionary era and have been affected by the revolution . Jiang Rong came to the prairie from the big cities in response to the call of the cultural revolution , and Jack London was tired of the life after the industrial revolution , following the gold rush to Klondike .



Chapter 2 : The natural description of nature and the nature of nature are the characteristics of the ecological literature . Both works depict the harsh living environment of the wilderness , and reveal the fact that the existence is not easy for each organism , and reveals the mutual killing and interdependence of human beings and animals . Both works have written a vibrant ecosystem , the importance of wolves , and the danger of ecological destruction .



Chapter 3 : The relationship between human beings and nature , human and nature includes human centralism and biological centralism . Human centralism manifests itself in the exploitation of the grassland and the killing of animals , which is reflected in the opposite side . Jack London and Jiang Rong ' s works reflect the different periods of ecological development .



The fourth chapter : The criticism of civilization and wilderness , the Wolf Totem teng - teng and the ancient white teeth civilization is mainly embodied in the criticism of human desires and science and technology , the infinite desire of mankind leads to the destruction and depletion of natural resources , and the improper use of science and technology has accelerated the process . The prairie man has not so much desire and high technology , its national traditional thought contains profound ecological philosophy .



Conclusion : In this paper , the author points out the similarities and differences between the ecological thoughts of Wolf Totem and the White Hague , and the similarities and differences between Jiang Rong and Jack London ' s ecological consciousness .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：I0-03;I106.4

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本文編號(hào)：2031594