《平家物語》與《三國演義》儒家文化之比較
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 08:59
【摘要】： 中日兩國一衣帶水。日本文化深受中國文化的澤被,特別是對儒家文化傳統(tǒng)的吸收和改造,更是造就了日本對外來文化的“和魂漢才”接受方式的巨大成功�！度龂萘x》和《平家物語》是中日兩國文學史上占有重要地位的偉大作品。二者對后世的影響廣泛而深遠。筆者將《三國演義》和《平家物語》放在儒家文化的背景共識下進行比較,通過對文化的考察和文本的細讀,來分析其中的忠義觀、天命觀和女性觀的異同。文章分三個部分來加以闡釋: 第一部分:神道和魂與劍膽琴心。筆者分析了中國儒家文化在東傳日本后,日本民族對儒家文化接受利用的發(fā)展脈絡。在不同的選擇下,日本民族選擇了“和”作為民族文化的凝聚力核心,而中華民族則保持了“仁”作為民族文化的凝聚力核心。在這兩種不同的核心中,又產生了不同的對忠義等其它儒家禮儀規(guī)范的態(tài)度,即和魂之忠與仁道之義。并從文本分析中加以辨析。這種“和”與“仁”的取舍,在文化上溯源,則是因為日本民族將儒家文化和日本民族的原始神道相結合產生的“和魂”意識,有了宗教信仰的成分;而中國則把儒家文化作為爭得政治權力的工具,既是現(xiàn)實功利的追求,也是內圣外王與天人合一的儒家知識分子的終極理想。第二部分:盛者必衰與成王敗寇。筆者從中日民族不同的天命觀入手,分析了作品中對于英雄人物的塑造以及對英雄末路時的感受。并通過《平家物語》和《三國演義》在征兆與應驗的描寫上的差異,剖析中日民族對待成敗的不同之處:日本民族總是充滿盛者必衰的物哀情緒;中華民族多是成王敗寇的樂天知命的樂觀精神。第三部分:女性——政治的符碼與人情的寄托。筆者考察了傳統(tǒng)中中日兩國對女性的不同態(tài)度。由于儒家文化的凝滯化,《三國演義》中的女性多是政治的存在,是男人進行權力斗爭的工具和籌碼,是男性忠義形象的陪襯同時也作為張揚忠義的標簽,有時甚至是毫無感情的物化的存在。在日本則不同,由于神道文化的女性崇拜,《平家物語》中的女性是一種情感的存在。雖然也有儒家文化中三綱五常的影響,男性對女性表現(xiàn)輕視的態(tài)度,但總體上還是具人情的描寫。這與中日文化中兩性關系的文化的不同有極大的淵源。日本民族對兩性、愛情的態(tài)度相對開放,而中國則相對保守。 通過這三部分的論述,筆者認為,同一文化在不同民族國家中的傳承,在不同時期會發(fā)生不同的斷裂和選擇,從而對文化傳統(tǒng)的積淀產生不同的導向。文化主導著文學發(fā)展的方向,同時文學也對文化的積淀和選擇產生巨大的反作用。
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a narrow strip of water. Japanese culture is greatly influenced by Chinese culture, especially the absorption and transformation of Confucian cultural tradition. It is also a great success for Japan to accept the foreign culture. "Romance of the three Kingdoms" and "Pingjia Taurus" are great works in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. The two have a wide and profound influence on later generations. The author compares the Romance of the three Kingdoms and the Pingjia Taurus under the background consensus of Confucian culture, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the views of loyalty and righteousness, destiny and women through the investigation of culture and the careful reading of the text. The article is divided into three parts to explain: the first part: Shinto and soul and heart. The author analyzes the development of the acceptance and utilization of Confucian culture in Japan after the spread of Chinese Confucian culture to Japan. Under different choices, the Japanese people chose "he" as the core of national culture cohesion, while the Chinese nation maintained "benevolence" as the core of national culture cohesion. In these two different cores, different attitudes to other Confucian rules of etiquette, such as loyalty and righteousness, have emerged, that is, the loyalty of the soul and the righteousness of benevolence. And from the text analysis to differentiate. The choice between "harmony" and "benevolence" was traced back to the source of culture because the Japanese people combined the Confucian culture with the primitive Shinto of the Japanese nation, and the consciousness of "harmony and soul" had the element of religious belief. China regards Confucian culture as a tool for gaining political power, which is not only the pursuit of practical utility, but also the ultimate ideal of Confucian intellectuals who are the internal, holy and external kings and the unity of heaven and man. The second part: the prosperous will decline and the king will lose. The author analyzes the portrayal of the hero and the feeling of the hero in his works from the different views on the destiny of the Chinese and Japanese nations. And through the difference in the description of signs and fulfillment between Pingjia Taurus and the Romance of the three Kingdoms, the paper analyzes the differences between the success and failure of the Chinese and Japanese ethnic groups: the Japanese nation is always full of the sentimental feelings of the prosperous and failing; Most of the Chinese nation is the optimistic spirit of success and defeat. The third part: women-the code of politics and the sustenance of human feelings. The author examines the traditional Chinese and Japanese attitudes towards women. Due to the stagnation of Confucian culture, most of the women in the Romance of the three Kingdoms are political, they are tools and chips for men to struggle for power, and they serve as a foil to the image of male loyalty and also serve as labels for promoting loyalty. Sometimes even the unsentimental materialization exists. In Japan, because of the worship of women in Shinto culture, the female is a kind of emotional existence. Although there is also the influence of the Confucian culture, men's attitude towards women is despised, but there is a general description of human feelings. This is different from the culture of gender relations in Chinese and Japanese culture. The Japanese people are relatively open to both sexes and love, while China is relatively conservative. Through the discussion of these three parts, the author thinks that the inheritance of the same culture in different national countries will break down and choose in different periods, thus producing different guidance to the accumulation of cultural tradition. Culture dominates the development of literature, and literature has a huge reaction to the accumulation and choice of culture.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：I0-03;I106.4
本文編號：2158916
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a narrow strip of water. Japanese culture is greatly influenced by Chinese culture, especially the absorption and transformation of Confucian cultural tradition. It is also a great success for Japan to accept the foreign culture. "Romance of the three Kingdoms" and "Pingjia Taurus" are great works in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. The two have a wide and profound influence on later generations. The author compares the Romance of the three Kingdoms and the Pingjia Taurus under the background consensus of Confucian culture, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the views of loyalty and righteousness, destiny and women through the investigation of culture and the careful reading of the text. The article is divided into three parts to explain: the first part: Shinto and soul and heart. The author analyzes the development of the acceptance and utilization of Confucian culture in Japan after the spread of Chinese Confucian culture to Japan. Under different choices, the Japanese people chose "he" as the core of national culture cohesion, while the Chinese nation maintained "benevolence" as the core of national culture cohesion. In these two different cores, different attitudes to other Confucian rules of etiquette, such as loyalty and righteousness, have emerged, that is, the loyalty of the soul and the righteousness of benevolence. And from the text analysis to differentiate. The choice between "harmony" and "benevolence" was traced back to the source of culture because the Japanese people combined the Confucian culture with the primitive Shinto of the Japanese nation, and the consciousness of "harmony and soul" had the element of religious belief. China regards Confucian culture as a tool for gaining political power, which is not only the pursuit of practical utility, but also the ultimate ideal of Confucian intellectuals who are the internal, holy and external kings and the unity of heaven and man. The second part: the prosperous will decline and the king will lose. The author analyzes the portrayal of the hero and the feeling of the hero in his works from the different views on the destiny of the Chinese and Japanese nations. And through the difference in the description of signs and fulfillment between Pingjia Taurus and the Romance of the three Kingdoms, the paper analyzes the differences between the success and failure of the Chinese and Japanese ethnic groups: the Japanese nation is always full of the sentimental feelings of the prosperous and failing; Most of the Chinese nation is the optimistic spirit of success and defeat. The third part: women-the code of politics and the sustenance of human feelings. The author examines the traditional Chinese and Japanese attitudes towards women. Due to the stagnation of Confucian culture, most of the women in the Romance of the three Kingdoms are political, they are tools and chips for men to struggle for power, and they serve as a foil to the image of male loyalty and also serve as labels for promoting loyalty. Sometimes even the unsentimental materialization exists. In Japan, because of the worship of women in Shinto culture, the female is a kind of emotional existence. Although there is also the influence of the Confucian culture, men's attitude towards women is despised, but there is a general description of human feelings. This is different from the culture of gender relations in Chinese and Japanese culture. The Japanese people are relatively open to both sexes and love, while China is relatively conservative. Through the discussion of these three parts, the author thinks that the inheritance of the same culture in different national countries will break down and choose in different periods, thus producing different guidance to the accumulation of cultural tradition. Culture dominates the development of literature, and literature has a huge reaction to the accumulation and choice of culture.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：I0-03;I106.4
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 杜曉靜;通過《平家物語》解讀中世初期日本人的生死觀[D];天津師范大學;2010年
，本文編號：2158916
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