本文選題：藝術(shù)　切入點(diǎn)：無(wú)意識(shí)　出處：《中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 卡爾.古斯塔夫.榮格(Carl Gustave Jung,1875-1961)是著名的精神科醫(yī)生、心理學(xué)家,分析心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始者。他不僅在自己的一生中堅(jiān)持實(shí)踐自己的理論,還深入研究東方的哲學(xué)思想,提出了在精神上指引未來(lái)的適合全人類的理論。 榮格以大量心理分析工作所獲得的豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料為基礎(chǔ),及通過(guò)對(duì)原始種族的生活、各種不同文化圈的神話和傳說(shuō)、東西方的哲學(xué)、思想以及宗教現(xiàn)象等的研究比較,證明了人的心理除了具有自我意識(shí)和帶個(gè)人特征的無(wú)意識(shí)之外,還存在著意識(shí)的根源和精神活動(dòng)的源泉——由人類普遍的原型來(lái)組成的集體無(wú)意識(shí)。 榮格特別重視人類普遍的集體無(wú)意識(shí)的創(chuàng)造性和象征性,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了存在于人類文化遺產(chǎn)中的各種原型意象,并試圖用自己的原型和象征理論來(lái)說(shuō)明其中的統(tǒng)一性和差異。 榮格的無(wú)意識(shí)理論不僅在充分分析人的病理現(xiàn)象和治療上有很大的貢獻(xiàn),在人類分析自我,洞察自我這方面也有很大的幫助,此外,在面對(duì)時(shí)代和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象時(shí),它還指引人們更廣泛更深入地去思考。因此,無(wú)論是在精神醫(yī)學(xué)和臨床心理學(xué),還是神話學(xué)、宗教學(xué)、文藝學(xué),甚至物理學(xué)等學(xué)界,他的理論都引起了很大的影響。 論文中筆者對(duì)榮格的無(wú)意識(shí)理論的進(jìn)行深入的了解,證明:藝術(shù)不是代表個(gè)人特征的產(chǎn)物,而是表達(dá)人類的共同心靈,引起全人類共鳴的無(wú)意識(shí)的象征產(chǎn)物。同時(shí),還探討無(wú)意識(shí)在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作過(guò)程中的重要作用。即研究了人和自己無(wú)意識(shí)的關(guān)聯(lián),探討無(wú)意識(shí)在藝術(shù)中的根源作用。 本文分4章。 第一章主要介紹榮格的生平和成就,以及闡述他和對(duì)其影響很大的精神分析學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud,1856-1939)之間的相交與分歧。 第二章先是比較研究人的意識(shí)和無(wú)意識(shí),認(rèn)識(shí)到人的心理除了具有意識(shí)以外,還具有人的無(wú)限的潛在能力——無(wú)意識(shí)。然后,通過(guò)比較榮格與弗洛伊德他們無(wú)意識(shí)理論的不同,說(shuō)明了無(wú)意識(shí)的根源和內(nèi)容。再者,介紹在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域中無(wú)意識(shí)概念開(kāi)始被認(rèn)識(shí)的背景,及闡釋以人的心理活動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的弗洛伊德和榮格他們對(duì)藝術(shù)各自的不同觀點(diǎn)。 第三章由三節(jié)構(gòu)成。 第一節(jié)按照榮格的理論把無(wú)意識(shí)分為個(gè)人無(wú)意識(shí)(personal unconscious)和集體無(wú)意識(shí)(collective conscious),并比較它們的特征。同時(shí)具體說(shuō)明榮格的理論的核心是集體無(wú)意識(shí),根據(jù)榮格對(duì)集體無(wú)意識(shí)的研究方法和理論的依據(jù),證明他的理論不是虛構(gòu)的。此外,通過(guò)觀察原始美術(shù)和后代具有原始趨向的藝術(shù)作品中的特征,闡明在藝術(shù)中的集體無(wú)意識(shí)是反映人類共同的先天具有的內(nèi)心體驗(yàn),是人的本能的最根源的核心。 第二節(jié)先概述構(gòu)成集體無(wú)意識(shí)的因素即原型的概念和特征,從而認(rèn)識(shí)到原型是我們的想象力的源泉。而且,分析研究原型意象(archetypal images)的概念和最有代表性的原型意象:人格面具(persona)、陰影(shadow)、阿妮瑪(anima)和阿妮姆斯(animus)、自身(self),并說(shuō)明它們?cè)谒囆g(shù)的各種表現(xiàn)。同時(shí),通過(guò)深入地了解個(gè)性化(individuation)和自身(self)原型,強(qiáng)調(diào)證明榮格理論的最重要結(jié)論是達(dá)到人格的統(tǒng)一和整體,獲得自我實(shí)現(xiàn)。 第三節(jié)論述了象征(symbol)的概念、特征、功能及其在藝術(shù)中的作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)藝術(shù)就是無(wú)意識(shí)的象征產(chǎn)物。因?yàn)榧w無(wú)意識(shí)的原型是通過(guò)象征顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),所以榮格認(rèn)為:對(duì)于藝術(shù)來(lái)說(shuō),象征是最重要的概念,是表達(dá)無(wú)意識(shí)的語(yǔ)言,而藝術(shù)是顯露潛在人內(nèi)心的原型的一種象征語(yǔ)言,換言之,藝術(shù)是盈集著無(wú)意識(shí)的倉(cāng)庫(kù)。同時(shí),通過(guò)分析在19-20世紀(jì)西方美術(shù)史上最具有影響力的一些杰出作品,來(lái)說(shuō)明象征在藝術(shù)作品中的作用與意義。 第四章闡明了無(wú)意識(shí)在藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作過(guò)程中的作用,以及它與產(chǎn)生象征的藝術(shù)作品的關(guān)系。 總之,杰出的藝術(shù)作品能夠震撼心靈、激發(fā)靈感,引起全人類的共鳴。所以,我們要深入地了解無(wú)意識(shí),體會(huì)它在藝術(shù)中的象征意義。這樣,我們便可以以廣納百川的心態(tài)來(lái)接觸多種多樣的藝術(shù)作品,體會(huì)其所表達(dá)的象征意義。
[Abstract]:Carle. Gustaf. Carl Jung (Carl Gustave Jung, 1875-1961) is a famous psychiatrist, psychologist, founder of analytical psychology. He not only adhere to the practice of his theory in his life philosophy, also in-depth study of the East, put forward the future for all of humanity theory in spirit.
Carl Jung with a large number of rich experience in psychological analysis of data obtained work as the foundation, and based on the original race of life, different cultures and legends, western philosophy, comparative study of the ideology and religious phenomenon, that people's psychology in addition to the unconscious has self consciousness and with personal characteristics outside also, there is the source of consciousness and mental activities by the source of universal human prototype consisting of the collective unconscious.
Carl Jung paid special attention to the general creativity and symbolism of human collective unconscious. He found all kinds of prototypical images existing in the cultural heritage of mankind, and tried to illustrate their unity and difference with their prototype and symbolic theory.
Carl Jung's theory of the unconscious not only contributed a lot to analysis of pathological phenomena and treatment, in the human self analysis, self insight into this aspect also has great help, in addition, in the face of the times and social phenomenon, it also lead people to a more extensive and profound thinking. Therefore, whether it is in psychiatry and clinical psychology, or mythology, religion, literature and art, even physics, his theory has caused a great impact.
Unconscious theory the author of Carl Jung's understanding that art is not the result represent personal characteristics, but a common expression of the human mind, arouse human resonance of the unconscious symbol product. At the same time, also to explore the unconscious in the process of artistic creation. That is to study the important role of the related party and your unconscious, of the unconscious in art in the roots.
This article is divided into 4 chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces Carl Jung's life and achievements, and expounds the intersections and differences between he and Freud, founder of psychoanalytic school, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).
The second chapter is a comparative study of human consciousness and unconsciousness, recognize people besides consciousness in mind, but also has the infinite potential unconscious. Then, through the comparison of Carl Jung and Freud in their unconscious theory, explains the root and the contents of the unconscious. Furthermore, in art in the field of the unconscious concept began to be recognized and interpreted in background, people's psychological activities based on Freud and Carl Jung for their different views on art.
The third chapter is composed of three sections.
The first section according to Carl Jung's theory of the unconscious is divided into personal unconscious (personal unconscious) and the collective unconscious (collective conscious), and compare their characteristics. At the same time specify the core of Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, according to the research method and the theory of Carl Jung on the basis of the collective unconscious, proved that his theory is not fictional. In addition, by observing the characteristics of primitive art and offspring with primitive trend of works of art, to clarify the collective unconscious in art is a reflection of the common human innate inner experience, is the core of the root of human instinct.
The second section first introduces elements of the collective unconscious is the prototype of the concept and characteristics, so as to realize the prototype is the source of our imagination. Moreover, analysis of the prototype image (archetypal images) and the concept of the prototype image representative: the persona, shadow (persona) (shadow), Annema (anima) and Annie James (animus), (self), and its reflected in art. At the same time, through in-depth understanding of the personalized (individuation) and (self) prototype, that Carl Jung's theory is the most important conclusion reached the unity and the overall personality, self realization.
The third section discusses the symbol (symbol) concept, characteristic, function and its role in art, emphasizing the symbolic product of art is the unconscious. Because the collective unconscious of the prototype is shown through symbol, so Carl Jung thought: for art, the concept of symbol is the most important, is the expression of the language of the unconscious however, art is a symbolic language of the heart revealed potential prototype, in other words, art is the warehouse accumulated with unconscious. At the same time, through the analysis of some outstanding works in the history of Western art in the 19-20 century the most influential symbol, to illustrate the role and significance in the works of art.
The fourth chapter clarifies the role of the unconscious in the process of the artist's creation, and its relationship with the artistic works that emblem.
In short, outstanding art works can touch your heart, inspiration, arouse human resonance. Therefore, we must deeply understand the experience of the unconscious, its symbol meaning in art. In this way, we will be able to all inclusive attitude to contact all kinds of art works, the symbolic expression of the experience.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：J0-05

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