【摘要】：目的:通過對拉丁舞運動員的平轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù)動作進行運動學分析,對其完成的拉丁舞平轉(zhuǎn)動作進行三維影像同步拍攝和動作解析,從運動學的角度分析對拉丁舞中平轉(zhuǎn)動作的動作技術(shù)特點、動力特征與動作規(guī)律進行研究,建立平轉(zhuǎn)動作的運動學參數(shù),揭示運動員平轉(zhuǎn)動作的運動規(guī)律與相關(guān)原理,分析拉丁舞隊員在平轉(zhuǎn)動作中存在的具體問題,從而為拉丁舞平轉(zhuǎn)動作的教學與訓練提供一定的理論依據(jù),為培養(yǎng)出更優(yōu)秀、更高水平的體育舞蹈運動員奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。方法:本文主要采用專家訪談法、文獻資料法、理論分析法以及實驗法。從運動學角度來看,運動員要順利完成拉丁舞中的平轉(zhuǎn)動作,并取得很好的效果,必須把握開始轉(zhuǎn)動、連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動以及停止轉(zhuǎn)動這三個重要環(huán)節(jié),以及身體各個部位的協(xié)調(diào)用力。在身體協(xié)調(diào)用力的大前提下,頭部跟隨身體的瞬間轉(zhuǎn)動、手臂的揮擺、腰臀胯以及腿部的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)力非常重要。身體重心在身體三維空間內(nèi)偏離的幅度越小,運動員完成的平轉(zhuǎn)動作穩(wěn)定性越高。這要求運動員加強身體素質(zhì),尤其是力量素質(zhì)的訓練提高身體的控制能力。在運動員進行連續(xù)的平轉(zhuǎn)動作時,運動員同側(cè)肢體關(guān)節(jié)的角度與速度變化規(guī)律類似,其中無論是手臂的揮擺,腿部的發(fā)力轉(zhuǎn)動,還是上下肢關(guān)節(jié)角度與關(guān)節(jié)速度的變化都呈現(xiàn)周期性的規(guī)律,運動員身體各部位必須協(xié)調(diào)一致的運動,才能完成穩(wěn)定性高、質(zhì)量好的平轉(zhuǎn)動作。結(jié)論:拉丁舞平轉(zhuǎn)動作的各個肢體運動不僅有自身的獨立性,還有與身體各部位運動協(xié)調(diào)配合的統(tǒng)一性。只有肢體各個部分的統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào),才能完成高質(zhì)量的拉丁舞平轉(zhuǎn)動作。運動員要做到肢體各部分的統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào),除過平時勤練動作之外必須加強身體素質(zhì)的訓練,尤其是力量與速度的訓練,正確的去認識和練習舞蹈中的技術(shù)動作,尤其是手臂的擺動,下肢的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)力及重心轉(zhuǎn)換穩(wěn)定。只有在訓練中抓住身體素質(zhì)訓練和正確的技術(shù)動作認識這一重要環(huán)節(jié),運動員在完成平轉(zhuǎn)動作時身體的位移、時間、力度、速度、幅度以及節(jié)奏等指標才能達到準確的水平。建議:每項運動都有著自身的運動規(guī)律,拉丁舞運動員首先應(yīng)掌握好拉丁舞技術(shù)動作的特點與技術(shù)要求;深入認識自身的身體素質(zhì),加強自身舞蹈能力的提升;在教學訓練過程中不斷探索拉丁舞技術(shù)動作的運動規(guī)律與特性。競賽規(guī)則推動拉丁舞的技術(shù)向高、難、美的方向發(fā)展,運動員們對于動作技術(shù)要求越來越精湛,這就要求運用體育科學對拉丁舞技術(shù)動作進行深入的研究。有關(guān)體育部門應(yīng)更深入的探索拉丁舞的運動規(guī)律,從運動生物力學、運動解剖學、運動生物化學、運動生理學、體育美學、心理學等學科方向?qū)∥柽M行科研攻關(guān),從而更好的指導教學與提高競賽水平。只有加強科技攻關(guān),充分重視理論基礎(chǔ)與教學訓練相結(jié)合,我國的拉丁舞水平必然會得到更高的飛躍。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the kinematics analysis of the Latin dancing athletes' flat rotation technique, the three dimensional images of the Latin dancing horizontal motion were taken synchronously and the movement was analyzed. From the point of view of kinematics, this paper studies the technical characteristics, dynamic characteristics and movement rules of the horizontal rotation in Latin dance, establishes the kinematics parameters of the horizontal rotation, and reveals the movement laws and related principles of the horizontal rotation of the athletes. This paper analyzes the specific problems of Latin dance players in the horizontal rotation, thus provides a certain theoretical basis for the teaching and training of Latin equalization, and lays a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of better and higher level sports dancers. Methods: the methods of expert interview, literature, theory analysis and experiment were used in this paper. From the kinematics point of view, the athletes must grasp the three important links of starting rotation, continuous rotation and stopping rotation, as well as the coordinated force of various parts of the body, in order to successfully complete the flat rotation in Latin dance and obtain good results. Under the premise of body coordination, head following the body moment rotation, arm swing, waist hip and leg coordination is very important. The smaller the deviation of the body gravity center in the body three-dimensional space, the higher the stability of the smooth rotation action completed by the athletes. This requires athletes to strengthen their physical quality, especially the strength of the training to improve the ability to control the body. When an athlete performs a continuous flattening exercise, the angle and speed of the joint of the athlete's ipsilateral limb vary in a similar way, whether it is the swing of the arm or the rotation of the leg. The changes of joint angle and joint velocity of upper and lower limbs are both periodic. Athletes must coordinate the movement of all parts in order to achieve high stability and good quality of flat rotation. Conclusion: every limb movement of Latin dance has not only its own independence, but also the unity of coordination with all parts of the body. Only the coordination of all parts of the body can complete the high-quality Latin dance flat rotation. In order to achieve the unity and coordination of the various parts of the body, athletes must strengthen the training of their physical qualities, especially the training of strength and speed, in addition to exercising frequently in peacetime, and correctly understand and practice the technical movements in the dance. Especially the arm swing, the lower extremity coordination power and the center of gravity conversion stability. Only by grasping the physical quality training and correct technical action recognition in the training, can the athletes achieve the accurate level in terms of body displacement, time, strength, speed, amplitude and rhythm. It is suggested that every sport has its own law of movement, Latin dancers should first master the characteristics and technical requirements of Latin dance technical movements, deeply understand their own physical quality, and strengthen their own dance ability. In the course of teaching and training, the law and characteristics of Latin dance technical movements are constantly explored. The competition rules promote the development of Latin dance technology in the direction of high, difficult and beautiful, and the athletes have more and more consummate technical requirements for the movement, which requires the use of sports science to conduct in-depth research on the Latin dance technical movements. The sports departments concerned should further explore the movement law of Latin dance, and carry out scientific research on Latin dance from the aspects of sports biomechanics, sports anatomy, sports biochemistry, exercise physiology, sports aesthetics, psychology, etc. In order to better guide teaching and improve the level of competition. Only by strengthening science and technology, paying full attention to the combination of theoretical basis and teaching and training, the Latin dance level of our country will certainly get a higher leap forward.
【學位授予單位】：西安體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J722.8

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